Electronegativity is based upon the atoms strength within the element to attract electrons to form bonds. Now atoms like to fulfil the octet rule of having a perfect 8 outer shell causing it to be stable. Now unfortunately not all elements have a full outer shell now elements on the left side of the periodic table contain less than half of electrons the required energy to gain electrons is much higher than comparison to trying the energy to lose an electron. So the elements on the left side when they form bonds they actually lose electrons. Now on the right side of the periodic table are much more efficient in energy to gain electrons to form a complete outer shell. When we move across the periodic table from left to right the electronegativity
…show more content…
When we move down a group in the table the electronegativity decreases this is due to the atomic number which increases down the group this causes a bigger distance between the electron and the nucleus so the atomic radius is bigger. So we can see electronegativity is the tendency of measure of an atom attracting a bonding pair of electrons. A Pauling scale is usually used for electronegativity values. Electronegativity can affect bonding of pure substances and solutions. Substances that have a high electronegativity will more likely form an ionic bond and ones with a smaller amount of electronegativity will form covalent bonds. For example, when chlorine atom bonds to another chlorine they are shared equally therefore the density that comprises or makes up the covalent bond is found midway between the 2 atoms. Now when two atoms within a bond are not the same the nuclei which are positively charged possess different attractive forces as they pull on the pair of electrons to different degrees in which the pair of electrons will be shifted to the direction of one atom. Now when it is equally shared it …show more content…
The first step would be finding the difference of each bond. Hydrogen (H) would be first which is 2.1 the second bond would be chloride (Cl) 3.0 these two values would be taken away from one another 3.0 – 2.1 = 0.9 Then with this value we would mark it on the graph under the electronegativity difference up to the curve of the graph which relates the percentage of the ionic characteristic within a bond to a difference within the electronegativity between atoms that are bonded. Then they would draw the line over to the percentage on this occasion it would be 18% Ionic and to work out the other bond one would take 100- 18= 82% which would be covalent bond. We can do this again with another bond let’s look at lithium fluoride (LiF) Li = 1.0 fluoride equals 3.0 let’s take them away 3.0 – 1.0 = 2 if we use the graph it can be said the ionic bond percentage is 61% now again to find the other bond one would take 100 away from 61%, 100 – 61 = 39% so here it is clear to see this is an Ionic bond. Also to confirm this you can look at the difference as mentioned before which will also tell you the bonding
When we move down a group in the table the electronegativity decreases this is due to the atomic number which increases down the group this causes a bigger distance between the electron and the nucleus so the atomic radius is bigger. So we can see electronegativity is the tendency of measure of an atom attracting a bonding pair of electrons. A Pauling scale is usually used for electronegativity values. Electronegativity can affect bonding of pure substances and solutions. Substances that have a high electronegativity will more likely form an ionic bond and ones with a smaller amount of electronegativity will form covalent bonds. For example, when chlorine atom bonds to another chlorine they are shared equally therefore the density that comprises or makes up the covalent bond is found midway between the 2 atoms. Now when two atoms within a bond are not the same the nuclei which are positively charged possess different attractive forces as they pull on the pair of electrons to different degrees in which the pair of electrons will be shifted to the direction of one atom. Now when it is equally shared it …show more content…
The first step would be finding the difference of each bond. Hydrogen (H) would be first which is 2.1 the second bond would be chloride (Cl) 3.0 these two values would be taken away from one another 3.0 – 2.1 = 0.9 Then with this value we would mark it on the graph under the electronegativity difference up to the curve of the graph which relates the percentage of the ionic characteristic within a bond to a difference within the electronegativity between atoms that are bonded. Then they would draw the line over to the percentage on this occasion it would be 18% Ionic and to work out the other bond one would take 100- 18= 82% which would be covalent bond. We can do this again with another bond let’s look at lithium fluoride (LiF) Li = 1.0 fluoride equals 3.0 let’s take them away 3.0 – 1.0 = 2 if we use the graph it can be said the ionic bond percentage is 61% now again to find the other bond one would take 100 away from 61%, 100 – 61 = 39% so here it is clear to see this is an Ionic bond. Also to confirm this you can look at the difference as mentioned before which will also tell you the bonding