Edwin Sutherland was seen as the most important criminologists from the Chicago School (Cartwright, 2011, p.159). Influenced by Shaw and McKay, Sutherland established the differential association theory; which later influenced other criminologists and sociologists to introduce other theories (Cartwright, 2011, p.155). Sutherland, as well as others, explored white-collar criminality, and while investigating this, he came up with differential association theory (which later lead to social learning theory). His differential association theory is based off the idea all aspects of criminal behaviour are learnt (Cartwright, 2011, p.156). Gresham Sykes and David Matza were later influenced by Sutherland, and they published an article on techniques
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H., Cressey, D. R., Sykes, G. M., Matza, D., and Benson, M. L., as well as edits by Cartwright, B., differential association theory, techniques of neutralization, white-collar criminality are discussed, and in this paper, their development will be connected. Edward Sutherland’s 1940 article “White-Collar Criminality” analyzed both upper class criminality (white-collar) and lower class criminality in order to advance theories of criminal behaviour. He pointed out, that even though white-collar criminals usually receive a lot of attention from the media, they still manage to stay out of prison, and the cost of all street crime combined was many times less than the cost of white-collar crime regardless (Cartwright, 2011, p.161). He also notes that theories of criminal behaviour are mainly preoccupied in the lower class and that previous theories are “misleading and incorrect” because upper-class criminal behaviour is usually ignored (Sutherland, 1940, p.1-2). Sutherland (1940, p.9-10) explains that the generalizations of criminal or delinquent behaviour were “based on a bias sample” and that because white-collar criminals exist, criminal behaviour cannot be “closely associated with poverty.” This lead to him proposing an alternative for “conventional theories:” the theory that criminal behaviour is learned (Sutherland, 1940,
H., Cressey, D. R., Sykes, G. M., Matza, D., and Benson, M. L., as well as edits by Cartwright, B., differential association theory, techniques of neutralization, white-collar criminality are discussed, and in this paper, their development will be connected. Edward Sutherland’s 1940 article “White-Collar Criminality” analyzed both upper class criminality (white-collar) and lower class criminality in order to advance theories of criminal behaviour. He pointed out, that even though white-collar criminals usually receive a lot of attention from the media, they still manage to stay out of prison, and the cost of all street crime combined was many times less than the cost of white-collar crime regardless (Cartwright, 2011, p.161). He also notes that theories of criminal behaviour are mainly preoccupied in the lower class and that previous theories are “misleading and incorrect” because upper-class criminal behaviour is usually ignored (Sutherland, 1940, p.1-2). Sutherland (1940, p.9-10) explains that the generalizations of criminal or delinquent behaviour were “based on a bias sample” and that because white-collar criminals exist, criminal behaviour cannot be “closely associated with poverty.” This lead to him proposing an alternative for “conventional theories:” the theory that criminal behaviour is learned (Sutherland, 1940,