REDD+ safeguards are norms or institutions that focus on achieving minimum social and environmental standards, take account of incentives to supply and demand carbon credits produced in compliance with internationally recognized standards, and include discussions on the role of information and ideas in putting REDD+ safeguard policies in place (North, 1990). REDD+ safeguards are policies and measures that address both direct and indirect impacts of REDD+ on communities and ecosystems through identifying, analyzing, managing risks and opportunities (Murphy, 2011). Safeguards have different meaning and purpose for different stakeholders, such as governments, donors, financiers and investors, multilateral institutions, indigenous peoples and forest
