Ecofeminism has many women/nature interconnections, but three claims are vital empirical, conceptual and epistemological. The empirical claim shows that the first victim of impact of environmental deterioration is women. As Heather Eaton vocalizes,
“Ecofeminists’ empirical claim examines sociopolitical and economic structures that restrict many women’s lives to poverty, ecological deprivation, and economic powerlessness. The degradation of environment has affected women in the most parts of world. The United Nations in 1989 remarked, it is a now universally established fact that it is the woman who is the worst victim of environmental destruction. The poorer she is the greater is her burden”. (Eaton, 1992:2)
Women, especially from Third world …show more content…
Dualism not only depicts a relationship of difference, dichotomy and non-identity but systematically constructs an inferior one. Dualism has not only construed human identity and human and nature relationship but has also designed the western views about nature. Dualism is the key concept of western thought, which reflects major forms of oppression in the western culture. Val Plumwood examines how western culture has treated the human/nature relation as a dualism and how dualism has given a platform for many ecological problems. This dualistic western approach to nature is a grass root environmental crisis. At the par disjunctive pair men /women gives a picture of superiority of men and inferiority of women. (Plumwood, 2003:2) The second significant feature of conceptual claim is ‘value of hierarchical thinking’ which means “up-down” thinking, up refers higher value, status and prestige, whereas down points towards lower value, status and prestige. Historically women, nature, animals are considered as down category, so the up category always exploited the down. In this context, Plato’s cosmology is explained as rational male form is considered as cosmos and irrational female matter is considered as chaos. Plato repeatedly highlighted the same concept …show more content…
Women are agrarian cultivator and their major focus is on sustainable and renewable agriculture. As the Food and Agriculture Organization’s report Women Feed the World says, women use more plant diversity, both cultivated and uncultivated, than agriculture scientists know about. In Nigerian home gardens, women plant 18-57 plant species; in sub- Saharan Africa they cultivate as many as 120 different plants in the species left, alongside the cash crops managed by men; in Guatemala, home gardens of less than 0.1 ha have more than ten tree and crop species. In a single African home garden there are more than ten trees and crop species. In a single African home garden more than 60 species of food-producing trees were counted. In Thailand, researchers found 230 species in home gardens. In Indian agriculture women use 150 different species of plants for vegetables, fodder and healthcare. In the Expana region of Veracruz, Mexico, peasants utilize about 435 wild plant and animals species of which 229 are eaten. Women are the biodiversity experts of the world. (Shiva, 2010: x-xi) For the ages together women have contributed for conserving resources and soil fertility. But industrial agriculture, biotechnology, genetic engineering, hybridization and global corporate market have grabbed their primitive knowledge of agriculture. Shiva says, “Navadanya’s studies on biodiversity-based ecological
“Ecofeminists’ empirical claim examines sociopolitical and economic structures that restrict many women’s lives to poverty, ecological deprivation, and economic powerlessness. The degradation of environment has affected women in the most parts of world. The United Nations in 1989 remarked, it is a now universally established fact that it is the woman who is the worst victim of environmental destruction. The poorer she is the greater is her burden”. (Eaton, 1992:2)
Women, especially from Third world …show more content…
Dualism not only depicts a relationship of difference, dichotomy and non-identity but systematically constructs an inferior one. Dualism has not only construed human identity and human and nature relationship but has also designed the western views about nature. Dualism is the key concept of western thought, which reflects major forms of oppression in the western culture. Val Plumwood examines how western culture has treated the human/nature relation as a dualism and how dualism has given a platform for many ecological problems. This dualistic western approach to nature is a grass root environmental crisis. At the par disjunctive pair men /women gives a picture of superiority of men and inferiority of women. (Plumwood, 2003:2) The second significant feature of conceptual claim is ‘value of hierarchical thinking’ which means “up-down” thinking, up refers higher value, status and prestige, whereas down points towards lower value, status and prestige. Historically women, nature, animals are considered as down category, so the up category always exploited the down. In this context, Plato’s cosmology is explained as rational male form is considered as cosmos and irrational female matter is considered as chaos. Plato repeatedly highlighted the same concept …show more content…
Women are agrarian cultivator and their major focus is on sustainable and renewable agriculture. As the Food and Agriculture Organization’s report Women Feed the World says, women use more plant diversity, both cultivated and uncultivated, than agriculture scientists know about. In Nigerian home gardens, women plant 18-57 plant species; in sub- Saharan Africa they cultivate as many as 120 different plants in the species left, alongside the cash crops managed by men; in Guatemala, home gardens of less than 0.1 ha have more than ten tree and crop species. In a single African home garden there are more than ten trees and crop species. In a single African home garden more than 60 species of food-producing trees were counted. In Thailand, researchers found 230 species in home gardens. In Indian agriculture women use 150 different species of plants for vegetables, fodder and healthcare. In the Expana region of Veracruz, Mexico, peasants utilize about 435 wild plant and animals species of which 229 are eaten. Women are the biodiversity experts of the world. (Shiva, 2010: x-xi) For the ages together women have contributed for conserving resources and soil fertility. But industrial agriculture, biotechnology, genetic engineering, hybridization and global corporate market have grabbed their primitive knowledge of agriculture. Shiva says, “Navadanya’s studies on biodiversity-based ecological