Ebola Disease

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INTRODUCTION The Ebola virus disease (EVD) was first identified in 1976 during two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Sudan and the other in Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then there have been 24 outbreaks involving 28,635 reported cases and 11,314 deaths according to the World Health Organization (REFERENCE). EVD is an example of an “emerging/ re-emerging” pathogen, due to its divergent genomes and sporadic outbreaks causing severe hemorrhaging fever in humans and non-human primates. The family Filoviridae is made up of three genera; Cuevairus, Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus. The genus Ebolaviruses is comprised of four species that have had the ability to cause infection in humans. These species originated from Africa (Zaire, Sudan and Bundibugyo), with one additional species being found in the Philippians (Reston). This additional specie is asymptomatic in humans but is fatal in non-human …show more content…
Today’s research is mostly focused on Zaire ebolavirus, the virulent virus responsible for the 2013 epidemic Ebola outbreak, which spread out of the original endemic area of West Africa. This review centralized research on the Zaire species. The focus was to explore three key areas; to better understand what is currently known and what should be further researched about the chain of Ebola virus infection, to describe the determinants involved in the EVD spread, and to discuss the susceptibility of outbreaks in developing countries. Researchers are only beginning to investigate the virus genomics, the transmission in humans, and epidemiological features unique to the virus. This is because most of this information remains incomplete due to limited data collection before the 2014 epidemic. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding the virus reservoir and the zoonotic mode of

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