These malignant cells develop due to damaged DNA or through genetic mutations in which some individuals inherit genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and P53 (Tang, Rangayyan, Xu, El Naqa, & Yang, 2009). Hence, an individual is at risk when a close relative has had breast cancer in the past. The presence of Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the infected breast encourages cell division and DNA’s replication; hence, drugs that can block the receptors are encouraged in treating lumps with the receptors. ER+ tumors are common in individuals that are in post menopause stage and lower in women, who are pre-menopause. Breast cancer progresses in a variety of stages, which begin with stage 0 (carcinoma in situ), then to stage 1, stage 11, stage 111A, stage 111B, stage 111C and finally stage IV (Taghian, 2012). Breast cancer attacks local breast tissues in most cases and does not spread. However, it is possible for the cancerous cells to spread via the blood stream or the regional lymph node. If the breast cancer is metastatic, the cancerous cells can spread and infect important body parts such as liver, skin, brain, and lungs, which may also become cancerous. This is especially the case when there are no early intervention strategies applied to control the cancer (Sutton, 2012).
These malignant cells develop due to damaged DNA or through genetic mutations in which some individuals inherit genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and P53 (Tang, Rangayyan, Xu, El Naqa, & Yang, 2009). Hence, an individual is at risk when a close relative has had breast cancer in the past. The presence of Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the infected breast encourages cell division and DNA’s replication; hence, drugs that can block the receptors are encouraged in treating lumps with the receptors. ER+ tumors are common in individuals that are in post menopause stage and lower in women, who are pre-menopause. Breast cancer progresses in a variety of stages, which begin with stage 0 (carcinoma in situ), then to stage 1, stage 11, stage 111A, stage 111B, stage 111C and finally stage IV (Taghian, 2012). Breast cancer attacks local breast tissues in most cases and does not spread. However, it is possible for the cancerous cells to spread via the blood stream or the regional lymph node. If the breast cancer is metastatic, the cancerous cells can spread and infect important body parts such as liver, skin, brain, and lungs, which may also become cancerous. This is especially the case when there are no early intervention strategies applied to control the cancer (Sutton, 2012).