Experiment 1: Scientific Writing and Integrity
Procedure
1. A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog is Produced when Dry Ice is placed in Water
The main goal of the article written is to try to figure out where the dry ice-in-water-fog (DIWF) was coming from, for there has been discussion if the fog is coming from the water or if it is coming from the dry ice being sublimed. In their terms, they hope “to describe on molecular terms what may be happening in this demonstration” (644). Researchers also desired to mathematically make sense of the reaction that occurs when dry ice is placed into water to create DIWF.
The researchers proceeded to figure out what created the DIWF through multiple trials. The researchers first attempted to determine …show more content…
Earlier, it was found that “the vapor pressure of water increases with temperature, water with a higher vapor pressure induces a thicker dry ice-in-water-fog” (645). There will be two types of sublimation that the researchers would try to pair with corresponding vapor pressure. Nucleate state sublimation is rapid sublimation of dry and the production of copious carbon-dioxide molecules (645). The other type of sublimation is called film state sublimation, which is when large carbon-dioxide bubbles are formed producing a thin film around the dry ice (645). The team observed when dry ice was placed in water, a substance with moderate vapor pressure, “large carbon dioxide bubbles characteristic of film state sublimation form” (645). The same procedure was done again with glycerin, a low vapor pressure substance, and again “large carbon dioxide bubbles characteristic of film state sublimation form” (645). It was not until the high vapor pressure substance of ethanol was tested did the researchers see the tiny bubbles of carbon-dioxide form (645). It was determined that in order to get a thick fog that is maintained, the liquid substance must have “a high enough vapor pressure and also allows for film state sublimation” …show more content…
“Fragment-Based Ligand Discovery Meets Phage Display.” American Chemical Society. 2:12: (2007): 779-782. Web. 9 September 2016. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cb700240b
3. Panel finds plagiarism by university leader
In March of 2002, Balwant Singh Raijput, a particle physicist and vice chancellor of Kumaun University in Nainital, India, as well as his student Suresh C. Joshi were found guilty of the act of plagiarism. It was found by “an international group of physicists, including three Nobelists” that their paper in the monthly issue of the Europhysics Letters had an overwhelming amount of similarity to another paper (1).
The duo’s writing had “nearly identical” text and equations to “Superpotential from black hole,” a paper written by Stanford University professor Renata Kallosh, which appears in the October 1996 issue of Physical Review D. A committee set by the governor of the state of Uttaranchal in northern India concluded “complete similarity not only in all mathematical equations and symbols but also in the language used and the tone, tenor, and manner of expression of ideas” when discussing the plagiarism problem (1). There was no report of what text was allegedly copied, but there is substantial comparison noted in mathematical equations dealing with gravity in corresponding black
Procedure
1. A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog is Produced when Dry Ice is placed in Water
The main goal of the article written is to try to figure out where the dry ice-in-water-fog (DIWF) was coming from, for there has been discussion if the fog is coming from the water or if it is coming from the dry ice being sublimed. In their terms, they hope “to describe on molecular terms what may be happening in this demonstration” (644). Researchers also desired to mathematically make sense of the reaction that occurs when dry ice is placed into water to create DIWF.
The researchers proceeded to figure out what created the DIWF through multiple trials. The researchers first attempted to determine …show more content…
Earlier, it was found that “the vapor pressure of water increases with temperature, water with a higher vapor pressure induces a thicker dry ice-in-water-fog” (645). There will be two types of sublimation that the researchers would try to pair with corresponding vapor pressure. Nucleate state sublimation is rapid sublimation of dry and the production of copious carbon-dioxide molecules (645). The other type of sublimation is called film state sublimation, which is when large carbon-dioxide bubbles are formed producing a thin film around the dry ice (645). The team observed when dry ice was placed in water, a substance with moderate vapor pressure, “large carbon dioxide bubbles characteristic of film state sublimation form” (645). The same procedure was done again with glycerin, a low vapor pressure substance, and again “large carbon dioxide bubbles characteristic of film state sublimation form” (645). It was not until the high vapor pressure substance of ethanol was tested did the researchers see the tiny bubbles of carbon-dioxide form (645). It was determined that in order to get a thick fog that is maintained, the liquid substance must have “a high enough vapor pressure and also allows for film state sublimation” …show more content…
“Fragment-Based Ligand Discovery Meets Phage Display.” American Chemical Society. 2:12: (2007): 779-782. Web. 9 September 2016. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cb700240b
3. Panel finds plagiarism by university leader
In March of 2002, Balwant Singh Raijput, a particle physicist and vice chancellor of Kumaun University in Nainital, India, as well as his student Suresh C. Joshi were found guilty of the act of plagiarism. It was found by “an international group of physicists, including three Nobelists” that their paper in the monthly issue of the Europhysics Letters had an overwhelming amount of similarity to another paper (1).
The duo’s writing had “nearly identical” text and equations to “Superpotential from black hole,” a paper written by Stanford University professor Renata Kallosh, which appears in the October 1996 issue of Physical Review D. A committee set by the governor of the state of Uttaranchal in northern India concluded “complete similarity not only in all mathematical equations and symbols but also in the language used and the tone, tenor, and manner of expression of ideas” when discussing the plagiarism problem (1). There was no report of what text was allegedly copied, but there is substantial comparison noted in mathematical equations dealing with gravity in corresponding black