As we are constantly exposed to the media, we hear different portrayals of drug use in the United States. Often these drugs scares are considered "epidemics," but other times they are considered "crises. " Social construction has a significant effect on the history of drug scares, as "U.S. society has recurring anti-drug crusades and a history of repressive anti-drug laws" (Reinarman, 41). There seems to be a common pattern within drug scares: they blame individual behavior and morality for social and structural problems, ultimately diverting attention away from larger-scale problems.…
During the Civil War, morphine was found to have pain-killing properties and soon became the main ingredient in several patent medicines. In the late 19th century, marijuana and cocaine were put to various medicinal uses -- marijuana to treat migraines, rheumatism and insomnia, and cocaine to treat sinusitis, hay fever and chronic fatigue. All of these drugs were also used recreationally, and cocaine, in particular, was a common ingredient in wines and soda pop -- including Coca Cola.2 Prior to 1890, laws concerning opiates were strictly imposed on a local city or state-by-state basis. One of the first was in San Francisco in 1875 where it became illegal to smoke opium only in opium dens, which mainly effected the Chinese population. It did not ban the sale, import or use otherwise, and surreptitiously did not apply to white upper-class users, who preferred to use morphine intravenously.…
The majority of policies prior to 1970 were related to a more broad approach of controlling the sale and use of illicit drugs, and the policies wavered between many types. The current war on drugs has evolved from a history of prohibition style legislation that was usually targeted towards a specific sector of illegal drug use. Initially, illicit drugs, such as cocaine, were held in high regards for the perceptions of their use as medicinal supplements and treatments (DuPont and Voth, 1995, p. 461). It was only in the early nineteenth century that the public perception began to change to see drug use as detrimental to the health of society, and began to push on the government to control it.…
In class we have been discussing how America will never be a drug free America. Americans started to use drugs, as early as when they started to consume plants. According to our past history, the first law regarding illegal drugs started once the Chinese came to do our rail roads and government officials found out that they were using the drug known as Opium. In addition, a few years later anti- marijuana laws were then made, and were directed to the Mexican immigrants. As one can see, drugs was always part of our society and the anti-drug laws were always targeted to the minorities in society.…
Going hand in hand with the mass incarceration of African-Americans is current their disenfranchisement. According to Michelle Alexander, this new Jim Crow has “disenfranchised [more] today than in 1870, the year the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified prohibiting laws that explicitly deny the rights to vote on the basis of race” (Alexander, 2011, p. 180). All but three states have some type of law prohibiting prisoners or even individuals who served their full sentences from voting in elections (Chung, 2015) so with African Americans being the largest group imprisoned, it also makes them the largest group that is disenfranchised.…
The war on drugs dates back to the stone ages where people would drink the left overs from stone age pots. Four thousand years ago opium was discovered by the Sumerians and they began to use this drug as a spiritual ritual. In 2737 BC, a Chinese emperor discovered marijuana and it became known for medicinal purposes only but the people used it for personal use to get the feeling it gave them. Then about eight hundred years ago Mexicans began to use marijuana for religious reasons and soon after they began to pay miners for their work with the leaves from coca plant . During the 1700’s to 1900’s King George started persuading leaders of America to plant hemp seeds in hopes of growing a profitable textile and rope business.…
This research paper aims to study the negative effects of drug legalization in the US, by extracting reliable data and statistics. As time progress, issues such as “drug legalization” continue to disturb the equilibrium of the society. It is certain that everyone at some point, either directly or indirectly has been affected by the consumption of drugs. It can be anything ranging from the abusive behavior of a family member or may be excessive burden on the economy of a country. My paper conducts a detailed analysis of the negative impacts of drug legalization and on the American society and human health.…
In the 1980s and 1990s political figures across America declared a “war on drugs”. During this time period Americans believed that the nation’s number one problem was drug abuse. The crack cocaine epidemic was in full effect during this time, and the main users were young poor African Americans. As the war on drugs gained popularity, policing agencies arrested more and more users resulting in increasing incarceration rates. The “war on drugs” resulted in locking drug users up to keep them off of the streets instead of assisting the users in turning their lives around.…
The last situation a human resource manager wants to find himself or herself in, is having an employee hand them a medical marijuana card when they are presented a drug test positive for marijuana. For this very reason, many human resource managers around the country are scrambling to stay on top of the medical marijuana laws in their state and how they affect their company’s drug and alcohol policy. As of 2015, twenty-three states and Washington DC had medical marijuana laws in place, the twenty-three states include; Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont,…
Drug laws play a vital role in American society because drug use is an unfortunate part of the culture. Regardless of one’s views on whether some currently illegal drugs should be treated differently than others, the fact is that at this point all non-prescription drugs are illegal, and the government is responsible for responding to public outcry on this issue whether it be the legalization of recreational drugs like marijuana or the perceived injustices handed down to non-violent drug offenders. The serious nature of our country’s drug epidemic makes the topic of drug laws one that must be addressed by all branches of the US Government; the President is calling for legalization of recreational marijuana, congress is passing groundbreaking…
As a policymaker, I would propose legislation on a drug policy for the medically necessary. The drug policy is considerably needed to provide to those patients that are critically ill and could not prolong treatment such as cancer patients, emergency room patients, and intensive care patients. These patients are challenged with a life or death situation, so it is imperative to implement these policies to avoid an incline in mortality rate. If everyone collaborates and follow the policy guidelines, this will reduce but not entirely prevent some of these events from occurring. I would conduct a survey of the healthcare practitioners to obtain feedback and review the FDA update on drug shortages to determine if any current shortages has occurred…
Most of these stigma and myth have stemmed from Anti-Drug War campaign. According Reinarman, none of the drug laws accomplished the goal. “I have found no evidence that any scare actually accomplished those ends, but they did greatly expand the quantity and quality of social control, particularly over subordinate groups perceived as dangerous or threatening” (Reinarman). Drug scare only strengthened the discrimination against certain minority group. In the article named “The Social Construction of Drug Scares”, discusses about 7 myths such as, a kernel of truth, media magnification, politico-moral entrepreneurs, professional interest groups, historical context of conflict, linking a form of drug use to a “dangerous class”, scapegoating a drug for a wide array of public problems.…
The criminalization of drug usage is a key element of mass incarceration as a byproduct of systemic racism and classism in society and the criminal justice system. Before 1909, government involvement in drug usage and treatment was minimal, as both were considered private issues. Drug criminalization began around 1909, the 1920s marking the beginning of drug usage and treatment being “regarded as...medico-criminal problem[s]” (Courtwright). This was the basis for the beginning of the Drug War in 1965. According to Michelle Alexander, a civil rights lawyer, and legal scholar, Alexander reports “The U.S. penal population exploded from around 300,000 to more than two million, with drug convictions accounting for the majority of the increase.”…
The American war on drugs has been a problem since it began in the late 19th century. This so called “war” has been an embarrassment and a failure to the American nation. The war on drugs uses an excess of tax dollars, violates state and individual liberties, and is causing a speedy and frightening deterioration of the Constitution…
Now that election season is looming ever closer many activists ask the candidates what their views and policy around drugs. Most focus mainly on just marijuana and forget about the hard drugs that it tends to get lumped in with. Well, it is due to these hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin that the policy in the United States has been to prohibit them. Why is the policy like it is today? That is mainly attributed to James Q. Wilson, who was part of the National Advisory Commission on Drug Abuse Prevention, while there he wrote the article “Character and Ecstasy: Against the Legalization of Drugs”.…