However, Steffensmeier et al. (2013:469) state that women are risk averse and do not play major roles in white-collar crime. Two prolific women have defied qualities of normative femininity and have played major roles in the orchestration of a corporate crime challenging Steffensmeier’s argument. By taking risks and demonstrating assertiveness while holding a dominant position in their businesses, Michelle Tobin and Monica Iles were able to carry out corporate offences in their unmonitored and independent clerical work (Steffensmeier et al. 2013:462). As mentioned before, it is important to state that women are involved in white-collar crime that challenge notions of not having much opportunity to commit white-collar crime and are risk averse
