Disparities In Prisons

Improved Essays
Today, it has become apparent that the generation of political powers today faces incredible challenges stemmed from the repercussions of policy enacted over two decades ago. Widely associated as making the greatest impact under the Bush and Clinton administrations judicial hardening was well underway in the later years of Bush’s presidency and throughout the entire time in office for Bill Clinton. To begin first, the concept of the Drug war made significant headway in the mandatory minimum sentencing arena and posed significant impact of criminal convictions as well as prison populations throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s. to provide insight on the type of impact this political movement was making throughout the entire United States; according …show more content…
Of course, this astronomical spike in prison populations across the US did not come without a laundry list of implications. Among the most notable, the real problem amongst prison populations and their racial makeup. Critics of the “War on Drugs” staunchly protested the increasingly apparent racial disparities as these in fact were the groups so greatly affected by the agenda. For example, throughout the same time frame, African American women had experienced significant effects of the new legislation given that their number of incarcerated for drug offenses increased by 828 percent—which consequently was double the increase compared to African American men and triple the increase among white females (Hutton, 19). Although remanence of protest pulsated across the US in waves of calls of injustice, the legislation remained widely popular among the majority of …show more content…
Going back to the later years under the Bush Administration when the movement began gaining ground; according to a 1988 Bureau of Justice Statistics study on prison release practices across 36 different states, (and notably used as a relevant propaganda piece by Attorney General William Barr) showed the fault in the Justice system. The study released showed that violent offenders were serving only 37 percent of their imposed prison terms on average; a fact that was widely seen as a failure on behalf of the justice department on all levels. In response to this perceived lapse in proper incarceration penalty, a push for the “truth in sentencing” initiative which included tight strains on the possibility of parole and early release would ultimately require that a minimum of 85 percent of sentencing must be served in cases involving "gun offenders, armed career criminals, and repeat violent offenders" (Hutton, 22). In wake of these claims, hysteria condemning the justice system as dysfunctional sparked federal intervention at all levels. As a result, the door was opened to extensive transformation within America’s justice department and ultimately lead to the challenges we now face as a society present

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Richard Nixon’s law and order discourse laid the groundwork for mass incarceration, though the tangible public policy began in 1982 with Ronald Regan’s War On Drugs. The movement was political plea, intended to garner white working class conservative support by playing into racial fears. And it had devastating results. From 1982 to the present the “U.S. penal system exploded, from around 300,000 [inmates] to more than 2 million… with drug convictions accounting for the majority of the increase” and young black men accounting for a hugely disproportionate number of those convicted (Alexander, pg. 6). The criminal justice system plays a large role in mass incarceration, but mass incarceration encompasses something much broader and more sinister - the framework of laws, rules, policies and customs that control “those labeled criminals” in and out of formal control in prisons (Alexander, pg. ).…

    • 1100 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Vicious Cycle: The Effects of Felony Disenfranchisement on Recidivism I. Introduction Americans have been conditioned to think of the criminal justice system as an organized bureaucratic machine that follows a neat and precise sequence of events. A person commits a crime for which they are arrested, they appear before a judge for sentencing and they take a hiatus from society for a few years while they pay their debt; after which time they will be fully rehabilitated and ready to rejoin their former communities. Sadly, this model is work of fiction in comparison to the massive prison-industrial machine that has been cultivated over the past several decades. In the land of the free, not only do we possess the highest population of incarcerated…

    • 868 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Anti-Drug Abuse Act

    • 966 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The 1980’s became the turning point for legislative reform on national drug policy. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986(Pub L. 99-570) created a distinction between sentencing for offenders in possession of powder cocaine and crack cocaine. Fifty grams of crack guaranteed a minimum of ten years. Five hundred grams equaled five years. In the 1980’s widespread drug use was associated with street crime Sentencing for crack and cocaine has become controversial because of racial injustice.…

    • 966 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    New Jim Crow Thesis

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Michelle is able to use events that has happened in the past to be able to prove her thesis. Michelle implements that the reason such mass incarceration is happening has been due to “The war on drugs” which President Nixon started back in the 80’s .The war on drugs was mainly focused on the abuse of cocaine and many law enforcers were sent to poor communities many which were communities that consisted of people of color even though people of color weren't the only ones who trafficked,sold or abused the drug. Ever since the “War on Drugs” imprisonment rates have gradually grew over the years from 1985 to 1990 the US prison population has went up from 759,100 to 1,179,200 according to the “bureau justice of statistics”.…

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Crime In Prison

    • 1269 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Americans today live in a country overflowing with more prisoners than ever, yet crime has been dropping since the late twentieth century. In fact, from 1980 to 2008, the number of people incarcerated in America quadrupled from about 500,000 to 2.3 million people (Criminal 1). There are several factors contributing to this problem. In recent years, America has taken new approaches to crime, such as the “War On Drugs” and the “Three Strikes” law. These approaches have drastically increased the prison population, to the point that 1 in 31 adults, or 3.2% of the population, will spend some time in prison in their lifetime (ibid).…

    • 1269 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Crack Cocaine In Prison

    • 115 Words
    • 1 Pages

    “The war on drugs exploded the U.S. prison population, disproportionately locking away black and Latinos,” he continues. “Our prison population grew more than 900 percent. When the war on drugs began in 1971, our prison population was 200,000; today it is over 2…

    • 115 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    With recent talks on Capitol Hill of an upcoming criminal justice reform, it is not surprising to see topics on sentencing structure, police ethics and practices, and the future of the criminal justice system in the news headlines. One of the biggest topics is the overwhelming prison population in state and federal prisons. This has been a prominent topic for some time now. While some want to curtail the prison community others seem to think there is not a visible complication. Those who sense the prison population or the amount of people under supervision of the criminal justice system is of no concern, more than likely do not understand the impact the population has on criminal justice professionals or where the funding for these institutions…

    • 775 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The ‘get-tough movement’ that was aimed at changing the direction of criminal justice massively failed due to neglecting punishment for serious crimes and avoiding the ‘dangerous criminals’ while implementing the policies. To their surprise, the US government saw an unforeseen rise in prison population hence, making it difficult to perform more adult recidivism. One challenge about the rise in population due to adult recidivism is noted as a rise in the economy levels of the country since the taxpayer should be expected to pay more “dollars to be spent for the arrest, prosecution and incarceration processes.” In the implemented policies, longer sentencing aimed at keeping offenders out of the society for a long time could lead to an increase…

    • 317 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Reagan ranted and raved about the War on Drugs, started the ridiculously ineffective “Just Say No” campaign, and significantly increased the budgets of many federal law enforcement agencies; it was pure hypocrisy (73). The populations of jails and prisons increased exponentially all across the country, becoming incredibly overcrowded. The War on Drugs makes it nearly impossible for people like Susan Burton and the many women she has helped to break the cycle. A profoundly flawed criminal justice system, systemic racism, redlining, education policy, and poverty are surely all to blame (8). It is a system that survives on a culture of power, a system that runs on the “idea that punishment was always the answer and was always deserved, that getting tough would solve everything” (123).…

    • 2110 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In the last few decades, the institutional contours of American social inequality have been transformed by the rapid growth in the prison and jail population.1 America’s prisons and jails have produced a new social group, a group of social outcasts who are joined by the shared experience of incarceration, crime, poverty, racial minority, and low education. As an outcast group, the men and women in our penal institutions have little access to the social mobility available to the mainstream. Social and economic disadvantage, crystallizing in penal con½nement, is sustained over the life course and transmitted from one generation to the next. This is a profound institutionalized inequality that has renewed race and class disadvantage.…

    • 347 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Inequality In Prisons

    • 285 Words
    • 2 Pages

    While prisoners in the concentration camp lost hope because of the harsh environment, the oppression from the Nazi, camp guards, and Capos showed a different side of the human moral freedom. Frankl described life in the concentration camp that “tore open the human soul and exposed its depths. Is it surprising that in those depths we again found only human qualities which in their very nature were a mixture of good and evil?” (Frankl, 2006, p. 72). There was an equal understanding that “No man should judge unless he asks himself in absolute honest whether , in a similar situation he might no have done the same” (Frank, 2006, p. 45).…

    • 285 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    : In his speech to the NAACP Obama argues several points surrounding the nation’s inequities and short comings when it comes to its justice system. Obama is particularly concerned with the number of colored community members who sitting in overcrowded prisons. Obama begins to dissect this issue by taking a look at the statistics from the last thirty years which show a dramatic increase in the number of people incarcerated, and of those prisoners that belong to the Latino and African American race. The main factor Obama sees for the large number of incarcerations in the justice system, is due to the number of nonviolent drug offenders sitting behind bars. He wants to reform the justice system so that these nonviolent offenders are not paying…

    • 736 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Injustice In Prisons

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Abuse in American prisons is a very controversial topic that many would rather not discuss. The truth is the correctional system of the United States of America is defective. It is estimated that 50% of all rape in prisons is by the hands of correctional officers (Starr). Most of these crimes do not get punished and the officers continue to abuse their power without consequences. Moreover, inmates should be able to serve time and rehabilitate without being victimized by the ones in charge of keeping them safe.…

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the last 40 years, incarceration in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. We have the highest incarceration rate in the world; we hold 5% of the world’s population, but house 25% of the world’s prisoners (Kelly 2015). The use of incarceration has gradually become a more acceptable and more used form of punishment. As a result, our prison population is overflowing with offenders ranging from petty theft criminals to violent offenders. As cited in the textbook, purposes of our justice system should be retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation, (Clear, Reisig, & Cole 2016, p.72-73) but we focus far too much on punishment first and rehabilitation second, if ever.…

    • 1156 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    War On Drugs

    • 1029 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The predominance of crime rates entails minority, low class citizens commit more crime than the average white, middle class citizen as they over represent crime for the population of minorities within studies. The war on drugs involves all illicit drugs and illicit use of legal drugs, hence the legalization of marijuana the subject at hand in many debates within the war. Under the analysis from a 1990 study, “African Americans are disproportionately affected by marijuana arrests, representing 14% of marijuana users in the general population, but 30% of arrests” (King and Mauer, 2006). The war on drugs mainly differentiates treatment of minorities with drug charges and abusers. African Americans suffer most from this disparate treatment than any other minority or social construct.…

    • 1029 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays