There has been an increase in the societal interest to promote health and prevent disease in the past two decades. Also, there has been a shift of the leading causes of death from infectious to chronic diseases (Shi & Singh, 2014).The gradual shift has been accompanied by decreased birth rate, increase in the healthcare expenditures and aging of the general population subsequently. In the early nineteenth century, the United States government focused on containing and controlling infectious diseases that could be spread by foreigners visiting different states. This was done by isolating the disease carriers. However, this was solved in the early 20th century when vaccines were introduced. Currently, the United States government is working towards
