The “Selection of Aspalta as King of Kush,” describes in great detail the process by which Aspalta became the appointed ruler of the Kushites. The document showed the close connections between government and religion in Kushite civilization. If I did not know that Aspalta was a Kushite King, I would amuse he belonged to the Egyptian civilization. Throughout the document, hints are thrown such as Egyptian deities such as Amon-Re and Iris. Kush shared some cultural characteristics with neighboring Egypt.…
The Assyrian and the Persian empire were two empires that were very successful in their own right. Both empires differed in how they were governed and how they treated the citizens of their empires. However, regardless of the major differences, there were still a few similarities between the two of them. This paper will compare and contrast the administrative structure of both empires, along with the leader’s attitudes toward their citizens. The Assyrian Empire as a whole was a rather successful empire.…
Despite what many think, the pharaohs of ancient Egypt did not succeed each other as an unbroken, patrilineal chain by any means. By the Eighteenth Dynasty, the state of kingship had recovered is authority from the Asiatic ruling of the Second Intermediate Period. Hatshepsut, one of the most well-known female kings of Egypt, is a clear outlier to what one would expect from a typical pharaoh. Her story, in summary, involves her gaining control over administration after King Thutmose II, her husband and step-brother, dies, and using that as a stepping stone to claim solitary kingship rather than continuing a life of co-regency – meaning, shared kingship – with Thutmose III, the originally intended male heir and her step-son. This essay will analyze…
After Selim’s conquest of the Mamluk territories in 1516, there was a growing interest in the commercial prospects in the East. Casale attributes most of this growing commercial interest to a merchant named Malik Ayaz, who advocated trade in the East in opposition to the Portuguese. After Selim’s conquest of Egypt, he focused on increasing commercial trade in the region. Selim’s work ended up “paving the way by establishing a precedent for state policies that were responsive to commercial interests in a way the Mamluk policies had never been.”…
The Middle Assyrian Laws begin with the what is to be done in the event that a seignior lays hands on the wife of another seignior. Though not as severe as outright sexual sin, there is still a mishandling of one’s property that is not yours. Therefore, after having been tried and convicted, the seignior who wrongly laid hands on another’s wife is to have one of his fingers cut off.…
When Temujin was eleven he became the sworn friend of a boy named Jamuqa when they exchanged gifts and played together. Much later, they again declared themselves sworn friends when they exchanged gifts, renewing the bond. The third time they declared their allegiance was different. This time, they were both adults, the ceremony was much more lengthy and meaningful, and was held in the midst of many witnesses. In The Secret History, the author describes how Temujin and Jamuqa pronounced their friendship to one another with a long oath about how they would be forever tied to each other through their mutual love and care.…
Ancient Civilizations have made one of the greatest impacts in the United States of America. The Babylonian, the Hebrews, and the Persian societies left lasting impressions that have carried over to today’s society. Although each civilization’s culture and religion differ dramatically they each bring an important lesson to our world. By studying the laws and customs of these civilizations one is able to determine just how impactful these societies were. The Babylonian society believed the gods were in infinite control and appointed specific leaders to run their Empire.…
At the time these leaders were treated like royalty and were often praised for their accomplishments like Endiku and Gilgamesh were throughout the epic with a statue being build for Enkidu, the second most exalted military leader in the epic. With the support of evidence from the story of Gilgamesh and interpretations of ancient society, I explain how and why ancient societies exalted their military leaders the way they did. This impacted social, political and economic aspects of their time period due to the important role that military leaders have in such a society such as the saving of the kingdom and rewards they gain for their people as a result of their…
1) Narmer is portrayed as a violent leader. He is shown as being an arrogant vicious person that sees himself bigger than everyone else. He stands over the top of a pile of bodies and is about to add one more to the pile in the first scene. He also always has a servant following behind him carrying his shoes and a tea pot (I guess murdering people makes you thirsty and crave tea?) The god Horus, represented by the falcon (Western Civilization, Volume 1, page 26) watches over him.…
Justifying Rulership: a comparison of the Olmec and Ubaid cultures There are many similarities in the rise of complex society in both Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica. From monumental structure building to well integrated trade, cultures such as the Olmec of Mesoamerica 1200 BC - 400 AD and the Ubaid of Mesopotamia 4500 BC-3000 BC, have many parallel elements relating to their success as complex societies and what one may refer to as states, despite thousands of years between the two. Comparatively, there are also key differences between the two, particularly the timescale in which complexity took place and the practices of agriculture. Most, if not all of these elements that factor into the success of a state are generally under control of the ruler of the state, but how do these rulers keep their subjects loyal and in order; justifying the vast inequalities…
" Text and Artifact in the Religions of Mediterranean Antiquity: Essays in Honour of Peter Richardson 9 (2000): 456. Roth, J. (1991). The logistics of the roman army in the Jewish war. (Order No. 9209887, Columbia University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Yadin, Yigael, Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim, and Ḥevrah la-ḥaḳirat Erets Yiśraʼel ṿe-ʻatiḳoteha.…
Darius I was the third king of Persian Achaemenid Empire who was also commonly called and known as Darius the Great. Darius the Great has lived from 550 to 486 Before Christ Existed. Darius ascended the throne by overthrowing Gaumata, the alleged magus usurper of Bardiya with the assistance of six other Persian noble families; Darius was crowned the following morning. The new king met with rebellions throughout his kingdom and quelled them each time. A major event in Darius's life was his expedition to punish Athens and Eretria for their aid in the Ionian Revolt, and subjugate Greece.…
Elba and the Akkadian Empire from 2500 BCE to 2000 BCE provides the focus for the first section, which leads to the second section which covers diplomatic relations and trade within the region during the Old Babylonian Period, stretching form 2000 BCE to 1595 BCE. From there the third section covers 1600 BCE to 1400 BCE, detailing the emergence of the Hittite Empire and the struggles of Babylon during this time. The last section of the book covers the 14th century BCE with an emphasis on the interactions between Mitanni and New Kingdom era…
Within these two groups existed a patron-client relationship, designed to strengthen the bond between the population and the king. Payment was mostly in cattle. This bond could be used to bind the powerful to the nonpowerful people. This relationship although meant to protect both parties, usually benefited the individual in power. The rulers of Rwanda were Tutsi, while the subjects were the Hutu.…
Who were the ancient Hittites? Excavations have revealed a civilization dating back to 3000 B.C.E, although this may not have been the origin of the Hittites. The Hittite’s coming was marked with the transition of art, which was marked by the Babylonian first dynasty falling. The Hittites were the supreme military, cultural, cultural force and political power in the 1400 to 1200 B.C.E whose capital was at Bogazköy, also known as Hattusas. They were a powerful civilization that had control over most of Anatolia.…