The direct and indirect strategies of communication strategy will be discussed in this section. These two strategies are the ways of argument which influences explicit communication, it can be easily indicated by the individualistic-collectivism of Hofstede (1980) and high- or low- context of Hall (1976). In the following section, the effectiveness of these strategies will be evaluated from the standpoint of different cultures. Besides, the interaction of different cultures for these two power strategies will also be discussed with recommendations.
Based on the literature, direct communication strategy involves the use of explicit codes of speech in order to express the information or message clearly (Hall, 1976). It is a normative strategy …show more content…
(1999) highlighted that reciprocal information sharing strategies is recommended when both parties is from a low-context culture. This is because it may need an extra element of contention to generate full disclosure in order to maximize the full joint gains. Hence, an assumption can be made that if the U.S. and Australia are having a direct communication strategy during negotiation, extra element is needed to increase the efficiency of negotiation.
In contrast, indirect communication strategy uses indirect speech codes and relies heavily on contextual cues due to the high concern of other-face and mutual-face to favour obliging or avoiding management style (Westwood et al., 1992; Ting-Toomey, et al., 1991). High context cultures promotes people to be careful to face and tend to suppress or mask their emotions (Wenzhong and Grove, …show more content…
People who is used to indirect communication strategy can try to use more explicit codes to not confuse the other party. In contrast, people from direct communication strategy can observe and practice more implicit code as it will be easier for relationship building and it increases the efficiency of negotiation. This shows that when the intercultural conflict occurs, people may want to choose different communication strategy from themselves but more towards the others. Hence, the common communication rules may be established over time among the parties (Olebe and Koester, 1989.) The interacted communication strategy is identified as “third culture” by Gudykunst et al. (1997) because it no longer can be easily categorized as direct or indirect communication strategy by a nation culture. Mindful adjustment is needed to adopt what they perceived was appropriate and effective for dealing with the host nation (Brislin, 1981).
In this section, the direct and indirect communication strategies have been discussed. The direct and indirect ways of expressing is strongly affected by the collectivism or individualistic culture. However, the collectivism or individualistic culture also has strong influence on the power strategy. People who prefer indirect communication strategy may prefer distributive strategy due to relationship and hierarchy
Based on the literature, direct communication strategy involves the use of explicit codes of speech in order to express the information or message clearly (Hall, 1976). It is a normative strategy …show more content…
(1999) highlighted that reciprocal information sharing strategies is recommended when both parties is from a low-context culture. This is because it may need an extra element of contention to generate full disclosure in order to maximize the full joint gains. Hence, an assumption can be made that if the U.S. and Australia are having a direct communication strategy during negotiation, extra element is needed to increase the efficiency of negotiation.
In contrast, indirect communication strategy uses indirect speech codes and relies heavily on contextual cues due to the high concern of other-face and mutual-face to favour obliging or avoiding management style (Westwood et al., 1992; Ting-Toomey, et al., 1991). High context cultures promotes people to be careful to face and tend to suppress or mask their emotions (Wenzhong and Grove, …show more content…
People who is used to indirect communication strategy can try to use more explicit codes to not confuse the other party. In contrast, people from direct communication strategy can observe and practice more implicit code as it will be easier for relationship building and it increases the efficiency of negotiation. This shows that when the intercultural conflict occurs, people may want to choose different communication strategy from themselves but more towards the others. Hence, the common communication rules may be established over time among the parties (Olebe and Koester, 1989.) The interacted communication strategy is identified as “third culture” by Gudykunst et al. (1997) because it no longer can be easily categorized as direct or indirect communication strategy by a nation culture. Mindful adjustment is needed to adopt what they perceived was appropriate and effective for dealing with the host nation (Brislin, 1981).
In this section, the direct and indirect communication strategies have been discussed. The direct and indirect ways of expressing is strongly affected by the collectivism or individualistic culture. However, the collectivism or individualistic culture also has strong influence on the power strategy. People who prefer indirect communication strategy may prefer distributive strategy due to relationship and hierarchy