Examples Of Differential Association Theory

Improved Essays
Differential Association Theory
The complexities of the American society over the years have paved the way for social problems like crime and violence in the country. Theories within criminology attempt to expound why and how crime happens. This is done through evaluating various facts that are connected to the individual’s criminal behavior and the crimes they commit. The Differential Association Theory is one of the theories that explain crime in the field of criminology. In the modern American society, the youths have been engaging in crime through their interaction with other people. Therefore, this paper discusses the Differential Association Theory through illustration of the modern American society.
The Differential Association Theory
…show more content…
Sutherland noted that the actions of a person are influenced by the people they interact with. It is believed that because a person’s main interaction is with their family, as that is whom they have been raised and lived with, the person’s social values and norms are developed from the intimate relationship with family members. Sutherland asserted that that learned behavior is not invented or biologically transmitted, but rather, learned behavior is gained from the innate process of learning (Cressey, 2012). Looking at the current American society, the underlying causes of criminal behavior depend on the sociological or psychological state of an individual and the social circles in which that person lives. One of the leading causes of criminal behavior in Florida and the United States of America, in general, stands as peer influence. A widespread majority of perpetrators of criminal behavior, up to 90 percent, are young people who are influenced negatively by the society in which they reside. Peer influence takes advantage of two key aspects to guarantee prosperity - weakness and poor judgment (Law.jrank.org, 2013). The adolescent stage stands as a time highly vulnerable to the judgements and influence of peers; adolescent seeks the approval of those around them. This vulnerability to fit into society, or a specific social group, …show more content…
This concept declares that communication from television and media sources are less efficient in impacting a youth’s deicsion to commit crime, in comparision to intimate relationships. Family members and close acquaintances influence cases of crime in the United States, as children are likely to engage in crime when they lack affection and are a part of underprivileged generational cycles. The failure of family members to show their children affection leads to many children searching for ways to overcome the sentiments of neglect they possess. Children seek out the affection that they do not receive from close relationships in behaviors and social groups, even if it places them directly in harm’s way. There have been cases where some convicted individuals have at least one family member or close friend that has at one time taken part in the

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    Elijah Anderson did a magnificent job explaining his research on what is consider the code of the street. To develop a better understanding of his study I will describe then apply a list of theories. Thus discuss each theory in relation to Elijah Anderson reading. Mead creates the theory of self where he discusses the development of the self can be affected by the attitude of another towards oneself, to multiple others toward oneself and/or generalized other aka society. One of the things Meads stated was that we are not born with selves but rather that we are born with the potential of developing selves.…

    • 1813 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The author developed a story based on his and other Wes's everyday struggle while growing up, which invites the reader to the most private and personal realm of one's life. Both characters faced difficult decision that were disproportionate to their age. The main lesson I would take out from this book, is that involvement in criminal activities has a short term gratification which does not result in beneficial outcomes. One can argue that circumstances force us to act a certain way or do certain things that usually we do not do. However, it is possible to escape crime and criminal behavior by having strong and supportive family, peers, mentors, and authoritative figures that one learns to respect.…

    • 325 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As well, criminal behaviour varies with reward and punishment experience. Therefore, any rewards for deviance leads to crime, is called Social Process Theory. Whereas Differential Association theorists believe that if the way you learn most behaviour is alike learning how to commit a crime, and exposure to negative attitudes and values of crime, a crime will be committed. Social Control Theory expresses that majority of people will not carry crimes based on social bonds. If there is a weakening in social bonds, crime can rise.…

    • 1172 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Edwin Sutherland was seen as the most important criminologists from the Chicago School (Cartwright, 2011, p.159). Influenced by Shaw and McKay, Sutherland established the differential association theory; which later influenced other criminologists and sociologists to introduce other theories (Cartwright, 2011, p.155). Sutherland, as well as others, explored white-collar criminality, and while investigating this, he came up with differential association theory (which later lead to social learning theory). His differential association theory is based off the idea all aspects of criminal behaviour are learnt (Cartwright, 2011, p.156).…

    • 1213 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    When this child is an adult, he or she may act out against society, resulting in formal sanctions from the courts, thus exacerbating the antisocial behavior. Alternatively, a child who receives praise from its parents and peers can grow up to be a model citizen who may never receive formal sanctions. According to Paternoster, Saltzman, Waldo and Chiricos (1983), “The general point is that individuals who appear to subscribe the most to the societal condemnation of crime are the ones who tend to view punishment as the most certain, and they may commit fewer criminal acts because of societal condemnation rather than fear of punishment.” (p. 460). This in and of itself shows that informal social control plays a major role in modern…

    • 566 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Differential association theory points to the idea that the people one surrounds themselves with has an effect on their likelihood of becoming a criminal. This theory states that individuals learn criminal behaviors from others, including attitudes, motives, and rationalizations for criminal behavior. The essential learning of criminal behavior occurs within the personal groups one is intimate with.…

    • 941 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Exposure To Violence

    • 1087 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Edwin Sutherland penned the phrase “differential association” to explain how people learn deviance. According to Sutherland’s theory, the environment plays a monumental role in people deciding which norms to violate. People learn their norms from family, parents, friends, teachers, and others within their community. People learn antisocial, criminal, or delinquent behavior, like other behaviors, from their interactions with others, especially in the close-knit circle of family and friends. According to Sutherland, people exhibit deviant behavior because they associate with people who behave in a deviant manner.…

    • 1087 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons with communication and the main part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within personal groups. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (1) the techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very simple, and (2) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. Differential association theory is one of the social learning theories that attempt to explain deviance and crime. (Sutherland & Cressey, 137)…

    • 1958 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Cause Of Leading Crime

    • 488 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The first cause of leading crime is a social environment. Parents don't support child well especially emotionally cause commit a crime the relationship between parents and children are not just the relationship between mother and child. It has a powerful effect on young children. Children react to argument parents by resist crying, hitting other children, and, in general, being much more antisocial than their peers. Furthermore, significantly, argument or abusive parents do not open their anger equally on all their children.…

    • 488 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Elijah Anderson’s “Code of the Streets”, there is a myriad of social institutions that can influence crime in neighborhoods. The “street code” is described to be that based on the amount of respect and power one earns by actions they take to gain a reputation or result in unfortunate predicaments. A social institution that can influence crime is family. If the family is exposed to the “street life”, the child will more than likely become part of it. Other institutions include peer pressure, a child’s or adolescent’s need to fit in and be accepted will more than likely increase their involvement in a crime and become influenced to do so.…

    • 380 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    ven though Bandura had already created the social learning theory, Edwin Sutherland’s differential association is the core learning theory when understanding social learning theory. Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory states that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication that takes place primarily in intimate personal groups that include crime motives, rationalizations, and attitudes (d.umn). Differential association may also vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity as a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law (d.umn). Sutherland’s differential association describes…

    • 1090 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Differential association explains how the criminal behavior is learned through communication in groups. The motives, rationalizations, and techniques are all learned as well. White collar crime is learned within the workplace from co-workers and even through outside sources. The motives to commit this crime include gaining rewards for the corporation as well as for oneself. Many individuals will do anything to gain rewards, no…

    • 2208 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Differential Association Theory is defined as, “Criminological Theory devised by Edwin Sutherland asserting that criminal behavior is behavior learned through association with others who communicate their values and attitudes.” (Walsh & Hemmens, 2014). This theory highlights the reasoning behind what makes criminal behaviors occur and why people commit criminal acts in a way that neglects psychological concepts and principles. The Social Learning Theory is defined as, “A theory designed to explain how people learn criminal behavior using the psychological principles of operant conditioning.” This theory explains the ways in which people learn to commit criminal acts and behaviors, unlike Differential Association Theory which describes a…

    • 1706 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Within the vast multitude of social structural theories, two stand out among all the others. Shaw and Mckay’s Social Disorganization Theory serves as a unique theory that attempts to gauge the cause of the seemingly rampant crime occurring in society. Particularly, the Social Disorganization theory references an individual’s environment as a significant factor contributing to their moral fiber and ultimately their behavior. Henceforth, those individuals who are unfortunate to have to grow in an environment that is teeming with crime and composed of those with low socioeconomic status, they are likely to follow the common trend.…

    • 1553 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Criminologist have theorized and studied the development behind offender behavior for decades. In this paper, the strengths as well as differences of Robert Agnew’s General or Super Traits Theory and Terrie Moffitt’s Dual Pathway Developmental Theory will be discussed. Robert Angew’s Theory “identifies five life domains that contain possible crime-generating factors: personality, family, school, peers, and work” (Walsh, 342). These describe a developmental theory because they interact and provide feedback on one another during an individual’s lifetime, affecting their criminal careers or the lack thereof.…

    • 1412 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays