Differences In Cognitive Interviews

Decent Essays
In cognitive interviews done by Sharman, S. J., & Powell, M. B. (2013), they had two separate sessions of participants complete an autobiographical beliefs and memory questionnaire (ABMQ). After a two-week break, they were asked to return to be interviewed. In a two-session event, the participants were given two target events presented in random order and they were basically telling them that many people forget what has happened in their past. Then the groups were given instructions on an event and asked to write a brief memory about the event.
Afterward, another ABMQ was given out. Then the participants were debriefed. The results of these findings were shown that the participants’ ratings were highest for the most plausible event, which

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    The simplest way to show the capricious nature of retention is to allow contradictions to naturally arise. By choosing to interview these people, with little guidance apart from a few questions, Morris conveys the ease with which memory is subject to change. For example, immediately after bragging about…

    • 1627 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    I came across this article years ago on TED called “Elizabeth Loftus: How reliable is your memory? (2003).” Loftus is a psychologist who studies memories. She studies false memories and false memory is when a person is very susceptible to a suggestion which can create a memory of events that never really happened. I think most people can relate to having a false memory, I know I can but, Loftus goes more in-depth with her findings on false memory and shows you just how detrimental your memory is.…

    • 1098 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In comparison, recalling memory can be an extremely complicated process; not only the memory of the fact itself, but also ways of interpreting the memory are required to recall memories. Especially when interpreting…

    • 504 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Autobiographical Memory

    • 1685 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Our expectations, experiences, and current knowledge all affect how memories are created. Many people do not realize how flawed our memory can be. The largest component of our memory is called autobiographical memory, it is a collection of memories that can describe our past. Autobiographical memory includes both episodic and semantic memory. For example, we can remember hiking in the Smokey mountains, seeing all the trees and remembering some of the conversations we had with friends (episodic memory) ; It might also include how you traveled to the Smokey mountains (by plane or car) or a list of your hiking gear and the time of day you hiked (semantic memory).…

    • 1685 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Elizabeth Loftus Theory

    • 264 Words
    • 2 Pages

    One of the principals that define the cognitive level of analysis is humans are information processors, and mental processes guide our behavior. Elizabeth Loftus was concerned with how information following an event can affect an eyewitness’s account of an event. She was mainly researching the impact of how questions are worded and why leading questions can “reshape” or change the way we remember a certain event. Her theory was that she could alter a person’s memory of an event by simply presenting it to the participant carefully. Loftus and Palmer (1974) tested the way the wording of questions and information subsequent to a certain event can change the way someone remembers it with a video and a leading, carefully worded questions.…

    • 264 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Furthermore, Loftus observes that a simple insinuation that an individual was witnessed in a particular act can cause the individual to admit to the act when in fact they are guiltless. The article emphasizes that “false memories” can be constructed when there is anxiety caused by demands to recall an event, coercion to imagine an event when difficulty in transporting the recollection to conscious awareness is experienced, and direction to discount a recalled event as being true or false. Conversely, the author shows this compilation of data does not negate or find every recollection inspired by promptings, fictitious. The article conveys that verification of events and recollections is imperative. Loftus confirms that investigation into the vulnerability and immunity of individuals regarding implanted memories needs to continue.…

    • 663 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the Radiolab podcast “Outside Westgate” and the article “Why Our Memory Fails Us” by Christopher F. Chabris and Daniel J. Simons, the topic of memories are discussed in both of the works. Unreliable memories can affect our court system and the people involved in the trials. In our society, criminals are tried in court more often than not and the courts require eyewitness testimony from people at to scene of the crime to help convict the person being tried. However, most trials don’t happen immediately after the crime and it could take up to a year or even longer.…

    • 1222 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Psychologists are interested in studying memory illusions and distortions in order to discover how the memory works (Bartlett, 1932; Schacter, 2001). An interest in false memories arose in the 1900s, and led to people trying to discover if suggested influences can lead to remembering pseudo-events. A procedure was introduced where adults were given a description of a childhood event, and asked to remember them (Loftus and Pickrell, 1995). All of the events described would be true except for one. Eight studies used the familial-informant false-narrative procedure where narratives were read to test subjects and they were asked to remember them.…

    • 1175 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    After watching How reliable is your memory? by Elizabeth Loftus, I believe that to a great extent, memory is not a reliable source of knowledge because it can be distorted, contaminated, and even falsely imagined. Memory decay, distorted memory, hindsight bias, consistency bias, the availability heuristic bias and suggestibility- are all problems that beset our reliance on memory. “I was there. I saw it.”…

    • 500 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1) What is autobiographical memory? What does it mean to say that it includes both episodic and semantic components? Autobiographical memories are memories from life experiences that are collected throughout time. It is consisted of both episodic which are specific events that had occurred within people’s lives and semantic memories are the actual facts related to the specific events.…

    • 522 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Tulving’s persuasive theory of the two propositional memory types: Episodic and Semantic, have been pivotal in the research and study of Long-Term Memory for over four decades (Brown, Creswell, & Ryan, 2016). Semantic memory provides us with the memory needed for the use of language, whereas episodic memory focuses on the autobiographical events that can be explicitly recalled. There are many differences in these two memory sub-types that further differentiate them from one another. In addition to the differences between these two declarative memory types, we will also discuss the evidence for the distinction between episodic and semantic memory, both behaviorally and with the brain. Episodic memory is a type of memory that is associated…

    • 893 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “Functional MRI-based lie detection: Scientific and societal challenges” is an article written by Martha J. Farah, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Elizabeth A. Phelps and Anthony D. Wagner in the journal Nature Reviews Neuroscience. This article is about how Functional MRI (fMRI) are started to be studied for use in lie detection in at least trials in the United States. The authors of this article address five main themes: the science of fMRI-based lie detection, how these studies apply to the real world, how they can be used, the legal, social, and ethical issues in these studies, and the policy recommendations, all of which will be looked at in this critique. The journal Nature Reviews peer reviewed journal that is greatly respected and the article…

    • 836 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Autobiographic Memory

    • 493 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Comparing autobiographic memory of two individuals that experienced the same event, is a useful way of understanding the relative accuracy of human memory in context with our daily lives. To test this myself, I had my mother recall the time when we got my dog, which happened about eight years ago, and compared that to my recollection of the same event. We both stated the same sequence of events in getting the dog, such as my brother and his fiancé getting one, and me asking for one from the same litter. We also agreed on the people involved, like my brother, his fiancé, and my step dad, though she remembered the people we got him from as well. While we both got the same gist of the events, we did differ in some of the details, for instance,…

    • 493 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Distortion Of Memory

    • 1206 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Memory is the encoding, storage and retrieval of past events and experiences, it is present in the short term memory store and then transferred to the long term memory store. The retrieval of memory isn’t always accurate as memories become distorted over time. The distortion of these memories are due to some influencing factors such as language, age, reconstructive errors and emotion. Taking all these factors into consideration leads to the point that memory is only to some extent reliable. Language plays a big role in how we remember, language is used to convey how we remembered the event but it is also a influence on how we remembered the event.…

    • 1206 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    When one thinks of memory, they usually think of past events that happened or something that they had learned. Although one can recall certain memories, can they recall every single detail? This semester, we were asked to recall the events of a day that happened six weeks prior to the beginning of class. While some students could explain some details of what they had done that day, not all could be certain. Details may not seem to be that important when telling a story from a childhood experience or maybe the retelling of a joke, but what if a person was made to recall a memory that took place six weeks ago?…

    • 1560 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays