1.) The differences between a “traditional student” and a “disciplinary expert,” according to Howard Gardner is, a “traditional student”, or someone who has an inherited or long-established way of thinking or learning is defined by Gardner as a scholastic learner or a “youngster from age seven to age twenty, who seeks to master the literacies, concepts, and disciplinary forms of the school”, and one who Gardner explain “respond in ways similar to preschool or primary school youngsters” exhibited outside of the classroom (Gardner p. 7). A “disciplinary expert”, or someone who is involved in a regimen that improves or develops their skills. According to Gardner that expert is a skilled person or, “an individual of any age who has mastered the concepts and skills of a discipline or domain and can apply such knowledge appropriately in new situations”, and these experts have the ability to use the knowledge learned in classrooms, and apply it to real world
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Gardner summarizes the differences between a “traditional student” and a “disciplinary expert” as the disciplinary expert truly understands the knowledge of what they read and are tested on. On the other hand, Garder says a “traditional student” is one who respond with atypical responses, and their knowledge is general instead of having an in-depth understanding like the “disciplinary expert”. Gardner emphasizes tremendous problems in learning, or the gap between the disciplinary expert and the traditional expert by citing cognitive research that reveals students of the traditional background and those who are esteemed, “do not successfully transfer their knowledge to new settings”, and therefore lack the understanding to realize their knowledge is naïve in that their understandings are preconceived ideas of what they learned during early childhood. Experts as Gardner put it “amassed evidence” to understand the Flat Earth Theory, while a traditional student would assume without analyzing what the evidence
Gardner summarizes the differences between a “traditional student” and a “disciplinary expert” as the disciplinary expert truly understands the knowledge of what they read and are tested on. On the other hand, Garder says a “traditional student” is one who respond with atypical responses, and their knowledge is general instead of having an in-depth understanding like the “disciplinary expert”. Gardner emphasizes tremendous problems in learning, or the gap between the disciplinary expert and the traditional expert by citing cognitive research that reveals students of the traditional background and those who are esteemed, “do not successfully transfer their knowledge to new settings”, and therefore lack the understanding to realize their knowledge is naïve in that their understandings are preconceived ideas of what they learned during early childhood. Experts as Gardner put it “amassed evidence” to understand the Flat Earth Theory, while a traditional student would assume without analyzing what the evidence