The key difference between the colonies of New Spain and New France and those of Virginia and New England was the way their settlers interacted with the surrounding Native Americans. Whether it be through exploiting the Indians for labor, as was done by the Spanish, or forging alliances with them, like the French, both New Spain and New France became frontiers of inclusion, where natives were incorporated into colonial society. On the contrary, England began massive immigration to Virginia and New England in order to provide workers for tobacco cultivation. Because its colonies were populated with families, there was no need for Indians to be incorporated into society, neither as workers nor as marriage partners. Therefore, the English set
