"One day will come when you France, you Russia, you Italy, you Britain, you Germany, you all the nations of the continent, without losing your distinctive qualities and your glorious individuality, you will blend into a superior unity. […] One day will come when there will be no other battlefields than the markets opening themselves to commerce, and the minds opening themselves to ideas. […] One day will come when […] the bombs will be replaced with the […] venerable arbitrage of a great sovereign Parliament […]. One day will come when we will see these two immense groups, the United States of America and the United States of Europe.” (Brennan and Murray, n.d.)Victor Hugo said this at the Peace Congress Discourse in August 1849. In this essay
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We can divide the causes into long term causes and short term causes.
We can be certain that one of the main long term causes was the anger that was felt by Weiner Germany that was caused by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. This Treaty outlined that Germany must accept the blame for starting World War I, they had to pay 6,600 million pounds for the damage caused by the war, their army was limited to 100,000 men and 6 naval ships, they were not permitted to have air-force or submarines and the Rhineland are was to be de-militarised. Finally, land was taken from Germany and given to other countries. (Historyonthenet.com, 2015)
After World War II was over, Europe had to figure out how they could avoid another war. The first was to “Neuter” Germany known as the Morgenthau Plan, 1944. In summary this was a plan to convert Germany into ‘a country primarily agricultural and pastoral in character.’ The next solution was to adopt communism and their final solution was to pursue European Integration. (Baldwin and Wyplosz, …show more content…
The idea of a strong an independent Germany scared many, even the German citizens. There was a wide-spread agreement that it was best to embed an economically and military strong West Germany in European superstructure. The problem was the OEEC was too loose to avoid future war among Western European powers.
There were two different strands of European integration, Federalism and intergovernmentalism. There were immediate disagreements about the depth of European integration. Federalism meant having supranational intuitions, a system of government. Examples of these initiatives were ECSC in 1951 and EEC in 1958. Intergovernmentalism meant that none of the nations would lose their sovereignty. These were initiatives such as OEEC in 1948, Council of Europe in 1949 and the EFTA in 1960. (Baldwin and Wyplosz,
We can divide the causes into long term causes and short term causes.
We can be certain that one of the main long term causes was the anger that was felt by Weiner Germany that was caused by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. This Treaty outlined that Germany must accept the blame for starting World War I, they had to pay 6,600 million pounds for the damage caused by the war, their army was limited to 100,000 men and 6 naval ships, they were not permitted to have air-force or submarines and the Rhineland are was to be de-militarised. Finally, land was taken from Germany and given to other countries. (Historyonthenet.com, 2015)
After World War II was over, Europe had to figure out how they could avoid another war. The first was to “Neuter” Germany known as the Morgenthau Plan, 1944. In summary this was a plan to convert Germany into ‘a country primarily agricultural and pastoral in character.’ The next solution was to adopt communism and their final solution was to pursue European Integration. (Baldwin and Wyplosz, …show more content…
The idea of a strong an independent Germany scared many, even the German citizens. There was a wide-spread agreement that it was best to embed an economically and military strong West Germany in European superstructure. The problem was the OEEC was too loose to avoid future war among Western European powers.
There were two different strands of European integration, Federalism and intergovernmentalism. There were immediate disagreements about the depth of European integration. Federalism meant having supranational intuitions, a system of government. Examples of these initiatives were ECSC in 1951 and EEC in 1958. Intergovernmentalism meant that none of the nations would lose their sovereignty. These were initiatives such as OEEC in 1948, Council of Europe in 1949 and the EFTA in 1960. (Baldwin and Wyplosz,