J.A.Garraty P.Gay, (Dorset: New Orchard Editions, 1985)
Lambi, I.N., The Navy and German Power Politics 1862-1914 (Hertshire: George Allen and Unwin Publishers Ltd, 1984)
Layton, G., From Bismarck to Hitler: Germany 1890-1933 (Wiltshire: Hodder and Stoughton, 1995)
Lodge, C., From Confederation to Empire: Germany 1848-1914 (Wiltshire: Hodder and Stoughton, 2002)
Lowe, J., Rivalry and Accord: International relations 1870-1914 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1990),
Robbins, K., The Eclipse of a Great Power: Modern Briton 1870-1975 (Essex: Longman Group, 1985)
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[1] G.Layton, From Bismark to Hitler: Germany 1890-1933 (Wiltshire: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999), p2.
[2] C.Lodge, From Confederation to Empire: Germany 1848-1914 (Wiltshire: Hodder and Stoughton, 2002), p6
[3] I.N.Lambi, The Navy and German Power Politics 1862-1914 (Hertshire: George Allen and Unwin Publishers Ltd, 1984), p113-154
[4] G.W.Irwin, “Imperialism in Africa”, in The University History of the World, eds. J.A.Garraty P.Gay, (Dorset: New Orchard Editions, 1985),