Minoxidil, an antihypertensive vasodilator medication, which was developed in the 1950’s by a company called Upjohn originally used to treat ulcers. During their experiments with dogs, they figured out that it did not cure ulcers, but acted as a vasodilator. Due to this recent discovery, Upjohn was able to develop a compound called Minoxidil in 1963 as well as being able to synthesize over 200 variations of the compound. The molecular structure and compound of Minoxidil is C9H15N50, made entirely of nonmetals with the molecular weight being 209.2483 g/mol, the UIPAC name being 3 hydroxy, 2 imino, 6 piperidin, 1 ylpyrimidin, and 4 amine. The percentage composition of carbon being 51.65, hydrogen being 7.24, nitrogen being 33.47, and oxygen being 7.64.…
Fentanyl According to Susan Robertson, the drug fentanyl which is an opiate agonist, has been around since the 1960s and created by Dr. Paul Jansen. "The use of fentanyl as a pain reliever and anesthetic was quickly adopted in the medical setting. In the 1960s, the agent was introduced as an intravenous anesthetic under the brand name Sublimaze"(S.Robertson)pg.1. In the 90s fentanyl was turned into a patch which breaks down into the blood stream through a period of 72 hours.…
Generic Name: Dolophine (Metadol) Proprietary Name: Mathadone Classification: Narcotic Methadone: (Meth-a-dohn) a potent opioid; Conducted by mouth or injection to relive discomfort. Also helps with cough and to treat heroin dependence. (A.McFerran, 2011) For this assignment I chose to do Methadone.…
Methamphetamine is a stimulant that affects the Central Nervous System and targets the sympathetic system. Meth can be administered by intranasal or oral use, intravenously, and can also be smoked. Depending on the route of administration the time it takes to affect the body will vary. Eventually the drug gets distributed to the rest of the body via the bloodstream. This stimulant, when abused, can wreak havoc on the brain and body because it increases the synaptic levels of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine and has adrenergic agonist effects.…
Methadone is a Schedule II drug that belongs to the opioid family of drugs. Methadone it is an extended acting synthetic tranquilizing painkiller. In the early 1960s, two New York physicians, Marie Nyswander and Vincent Dole, ascertained that when methadone is taken on a daily base, it is a constructive habituated medical treatment for individuals who have become opioid addicts. Since the 1960s, methadone has been strategized to help people who are dependent on illicit drugs such as opioid, heroin, morphine, and codeine.…
Difficult Detox Drug addiction and substance abuse are not only prominent with the use of ‘street drugs’, the epidemic has been increasingly present in the world of prescription medications as well, even those that are used to ‘wean’ people off of other illicit drugs. Here are a list of some of the most commonly abused prescription, or ‘legal’ drugs, and their self-detox risks. SubOxone: The intended use of SubOxone is the treatment of opiate addiction, however, many individuals develop a dependency on this ‘alternative’ as well.…
Butorphanol is extremely harmful when used incorrectly. Warnings exist for abuse, addiction and misuse. The use of butorphanol injection exposes patients and users to the risks of opioid addiction or abuse. Your doctor will do a full evaluation and monitor the effects and your behavior to prevent misuse, causing unsafe or toxic after-effects.…
In the Diazepam video, I thought that my responsibility was to make sure that the patient received all of the information promptly. I was very focused on stating all of the points relevant for that counseling session. I was also nervous in this video because I had never counseled anyone before. Therefore, I was not confident in my ability to effectively counsel the patient. In the second video, I was still concerned about giving the information to the patient promptly.…
Diazinon is an OP which is extensively used in trade and agriculture. Because of its wide-spread applying, its toxicity is common. Several studies have shown that OPs are able to induce oxidative stress by generating free radicals and depletion of endogenous antioxidants (Moshiri et al., 2013). It is activated internally to become diaxoxon (Figure 2), which is a more potent choli-nesterase inhibitor than diazinon is (El-Shenawy et al., 2010). Most of the data relating to this transformation are from terrestrial species.…
AMPHETAMINE WITHDRAWAL Overview The repeated use of amphetamines will cause psychological AND physical dependence that may also result in withdrawal when the medicine aren't any longer being used. According to the United States National Library of medicine, once use of amphetamines suddenly stops, withdrawal symptoms quickly set in inflicting the brain and also the body to travel through a series of uncomfortable, not, therefore pleasure some reactions both psychologically and physically. Amphetamine use really causes an initial spike within the creation of the natural hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine that is followed by a lowered production of those present hormones over time. The result's a physical dependence that the body develops…
In this particular essay, I am going to address the routes of administration of methamphetamines, and the physical and mental effects of meth. What exactly is methamphetamine? I am so glad that you asked, methamphetamine is “a synthetic drug with more rapid and lasting effects than amphetamine, used illegally as a stimulant and as a prescription drug to treat narcolepsy and maintain blood pressure.” The people who were responsible for manufacturing methamphetamine, were the biker gangs (Inaba 3.24). Typically, these bikers worked with people called “street chemist.”…
Under the controlled substance act (CSA), drugs are listed under schedules that are based off how likely a person is the abuse the drug and if a person will become physically or psychologically dependent on this drug. As the schedule number increases the abuse rate and dependency on this drug decreases. Some examples of schedule 1 drugs are heroin, LSD, ecstasy, methaqualone which are known as Quaaludes, peyote which is a cactus that is a hallucinogen, and marijuana. Yes, you read that correctly, weed is in the same category as heroin and some cactus that makes you trip. According to the DEA website, “Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.”…
According to Webster Dictionary, ecstasy is defined as “an illegal drug that is used to produce a feeling of excitement and pleasure” Ecstasy. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2016, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecstasy. As with all drugs, ecstasy was produced to treat one symptom and evolved to affect another part of the brain. This research will address: what is ecstasy, how does ecstasy work, the short and long-term effects from using ecstasy, users of the drug, and prevention and support. Although ecstasy was introduced as a legal drug to address an ailment, its long term effects caused it to not be an efficient drug for consumption and an illegal drug.…
Environmental effects of DDT DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane (DDT) is an insecticide that was used to kill mosquitos and other insects between 1939 and 1972. It is a colorless, tasteless, crystal like and almost odorless chemical. DDT, C14H9Cl5 (Figure 1), was discovered by the chemist Zeidler in 1874 (DDT, 2000). In 1939, Paul Herman Müller (a chemist), discovered the insecticidal properties of DDT. Paul was looking for a pesticide so powerful that even if an insect flew over it it would die.…
I understand what you are saying. I am not stating that the doctor is not trying to do what is best for Irene, we too are trying to help Irene achieve her greatest quality of life. We as an agency, responsible for passing a medication have to be aware of the side effects of these medications. All I am saying is that with the side effects I am concerned about our ability to monitor for these issues. I also understand that all of us have to decide between the side effects and living without the medication however, if we personally are aware of the side effects and notice them we have the ability to stop taking the medication at any time Irene does not.…