Diabetic Neuropathy Essay

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria and hyperlipidemia that in the long-term increase the probability of developing diabetic complication such as macrovascular and microvascular then complication increase mortality and morbidity. In microvascular includes diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that develops in about 50% of people with diabetes. Globally, as well as in India, the number of patients with diabetic neuropathy is rapidly increasing. Diabetic neuropathy is associated with degenerative condition and spectrum of structure changes characterized by changes …show more content…
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a results of damage endoplasmic reticulum and resultant endoplasmic reticulum stress lead to abnormal ion channel function, gene expression, transcriptional regulation, metabolism and protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum condition produced by variety of adverse stimulation such as predominantly hyperglycemia, production and accumulation of ROS and many type of inflammatory factors. Recent research also show that ER stress regulated by using chemical molecular chaperons, such as 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) which is attenuate cell damage and produce cytoprotection, although the precise mechanism involved in this process is unclear and may be related to indirect inhibition of oxidative stress. In this work, we verified the hypothesis that 4-PBA could attenuate voltage gated sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion with hyperglycemia (diabetic neuropathy). In addition, we explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved by investigating whether oxidative stress is inhibited through down-regulation of ER stress and whether inflammation is suppressed through the attenuation of ER stress and oxidative stress by