Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and its current management may slow the progression to renal failure, but it does not prevent its development. Therefore, effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney diseases. Data showed that oxidative stress and inflammatory process are important factors contributing to kidney damage by increasing production of oxidants. KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway regulates the transcription of many antioxidant genes and modulation of the pathway up regulates antioxidants. NF B controls the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response. Natural substances have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and have an impact on NF B and KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathways. The preclinical studies explored effectiveness of whole herbs, plants or seeds and their active ingredients
…show more content…
It is a progressive and irreversible kidney disease that is characterized by initial hyperfiltration, albuminuria, expansion of mesangial matrix, interstitial fibrosis, thickening of basement membranes, and renal cell damage. DN affects 20% to 30% of the diabetic patients (1).
Many pathways that involved in DN have been postulated such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress (OS) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) (2-4) (Table 1). The up-regulation of the receptors for AGE (RAGE) has been implicated as a major mediator in the development and progression of DN. Renal fibrosis characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix protein results in CKD including DN. It was found that transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating renal fibrosis. Therefore, agents that antagonize TGF-β signaling might be useful for kidney disease
It is a progressive and irreversible kidney disease that is characterized by initial hyperfiltration, albuminuria, expansion of mesangial matrix, interstitial fibrosis, thickening of basement membranes, and renal cell damage. DN affects 20% to 30% of the diabetic patients (1).
Many pathways that involved in DN have been postulated such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress (OS) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) (2-4) (Table 1). The up-regulation of the receptors for AGE (RAGE) has been implicated as a major mediator in the development and progression of DN. Renal fibrosis characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix protein results in CKD including DN. It was found that transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating renal fibrosis. Therefore, agents that antagonize TGF-β signaling might be useful for kidney disease