Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be categorized by a group of metabolic diseases including hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, the action of insulin, or both. In type one DM, the beta cells are completely destroyed in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. This can happen at any age, but it mainly occurs before the age of thirty. Type one DM is characterized by hyperglycemia, breakdown of body fats and proteins, and the development of ketosis (which results from the oxidation of fatty acids). The disorder is either categorized as auto-immune or idiopathic. Insulitis usually initiates the disease, which is a chronic inflammatory process that happens due to the destruction of the islet cells.
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If the glucometer reading is fifty mg/dL and J.T. is still conscious and alert at this time, fifteen grams of rapid-acting oral carbohydrates must be administered. Some examples of these carbohydrates include three glucose tablets, four ounces of fruit juice or regular soda (without manually adding sugar), eight ounces of skin milk, five LifeSavers candies, three large marshmallows, or three teaspoons of honey or sugar. The nurse should wait fifteen minutes and then recheck J.T.’s blood glucose and assess his manifestations; if the signs still persist or the blood glucose level is still less than 80 mg/dL, an additional 15 grams of carbohydrates should be given. There is a possibility that J.T.’s airway may become impaired due to decreased level of consciousness. In this case, parenteral glucose or glucagon is needed. The most rapid increase of blood glucose can be done by fifty percent dextrose via intravenous (IV) push. Glucagon can be administered by the subcutaneous or intramuscular route. If glucagon is the selected treatment, then oral (if consciousness returns) or IV carbohydrates must be administered shortly after administration because glucagon has a short period of action, so hypoglycemia may be induced once again without carbohydrates (Lemone et al., 2015, p. 523). These actions, assessments, and treatments are essential when caring for a patient experiencing
If the glucometer reading is fifty mg/dL and J.T. is still conscious and alert at this time, fifteen grams of rapid-acting oral carbohydrates must be administered. Some examples of these carbohydrates include three glucose tablets, four ounces of fruit juice or regular soda (without manually adding sugar), eight ounces of skin milk, five LifeSavers candies, three large marshmallows, or three teaspoons of honey or sugar. The nurse should wait fifteen minutes and then recheck J.T.’s blood glucose and assess his manifestations; if the signs still persist or the blood glucose level is still less than 80 mg/dL, an additional 15 grams of carbohydrates should be given. There is a possibility that J.T.’s airway may become impaired due to decreased level of consciousness. In this case, parenteral glucose or glucagon is needed. The most rapid increase of blood glucose can be done by fifty percent dextrose via intravenous (IV) push. Glucagon can be administered by the subcutaneous or intramuscular route. If glucagon is the selected treatment, then oral (if consciousness returns) or IV carbohydrates must be administered shortly after administration because glucagon has a short period of action, so hypoglycemia may be induced once again without carbohydrates (Lemone et al., 2015, p. 523). These actions, assessments, and treatments are essential when caring for a patient experiencing