In each treatment,all of birds sacrificed by decapitation so the digestive tract was carefully excised and segments were removed from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum as follows: 1) intestine from the gizzard to pancreatic and bile ducts was referred to as the duodenum (midpoint of the pancreatic loop) 2) midway between the point of entry of the bile ducts and Meckel's diverticulum as the jejunum (mid-point of jejunum) were removed for gut morphological measurements. The samples were flushed with physiological saline and immersed in in 10% formalin, processed by the standard paraffin sectioning, stained by hematoxylin-eosin, and examined under a light microscope. Villus length was measured from the top of the villus to the upper part of the
