Describe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Technological advancement led to new inventions leading to rapid modernisation, for instance, water and steam were substituted for electricity and oil. As a result of these advances, machinery led to mass production. Furthermore, Factories are now able to work round the clock as there was power to run the machines and provide light. It was in this regard that the inventions after 1870 were different from the ones that preceded it. (Bronwyn and Rosenberg 2010). It is to be emphasised that the discovery of Electricity paved the way for new machines to be developed also, the use of communication developed with the emergences of electricity. For example, the event of Krakatoa 1883 spread quickly due to the invention of electric telegraph by Charles Wheatstone in 1837, this was in contrast to the earthquake of 1755 in Indonesia which got to Britain 7months later.

Improvement in science was also significant feature in this area, thus, the second revolution saw an evolving scientifically based industry, which helped in chemicals, explosives and ammunition development. Several other chemical compounds were discovered for instance
Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell were the leading team in the discovering of electromagnetic force field theory emphasising the explicit use of scientific