The Bronx has a higher prevalence of serious psychological distress relative to New York City overall. 7.1% of residents in Bronx have reported of serious psychological distress compared to 5.5% in NYC overall. The serious psychological distress is associated with depression, anxiety, substance abuse and other mental health problems1, 2 (department of health, NY State; Olson E, et al). According to the survey of 2012, 13.4 % in Bronx are clinically diagnosed as depression compared to 11.3% in NYC. The Communities with the highest prevalence of depression include Kingsbridge/Riverdale (17.8%), Hunts Point/Mott Haven (14.7%) and Crotona/Tremont (13.5%). The Communities with the highest prevalence of serious psychological distress include Pelham/Throgs
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As of the studies of the department of health, the elder population in Bronx will grow rapidly. It is expected that the elder population aged 65 years and over will be growing 17.8% from 2010 to 2020, adding an additional 26,000 seniors to the Bronx population and 23.6% from 2020 to 2030, adding an additional 41,000 seniors1,5 (department of health, NY State ; Barbara J Boucher). Some studies show that population with dark skin are more likely to have lower vitamin D levels than those with light skin. According to census of 2015, 43.4% of Bronx residents are Black or African American compared to NYS (17.6%) (Census, gov). 6 Also, the Bronx has the highest prevalence of obesity related to other boroughs, which counts for 32% of adult obese population1. It is reasonable to estimate the population of Bronx has high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and it is important to examine whether replacement of vitamin D levels can relief that symptoms of patients with depression and improve outcome of treatment. The high prevalence of depression or other mental distress can be caused by confounding factors such as low income, limited access to care, insurance or language issues, substance use and alcohol abuse. 1(department of health, NY
As of the studies of the department of health, the elder population in Bronx will grow rapidly. It is expected that the elder population aged 65 years and over will be growing 17.8% from 2010 to 2020, adding an additional 26,000 seniors to the Bronx population and 23.6% from 2020 to 2030, adding an additional 41,000 seniors1,5 (department of health, NY State ; Barbara J Boucher). Some studies show that population with dark skin are more likely to have lower vitamin D levels than those with light skin. According to census of 2015, 43.4% of Bronx residents are Black or African American compared to NYS (17.6%) (Census, gov). 6 Also, the Bronx has the highest prevalence of obesity related to other boroughs, which counts for 32% of adult obese population1. It is reasonable to estimate the population of Bronx has high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and it is important to examine whether replacement of vitamin D levels can relief that symptoms of patients with depression and improve outcome of treatment. The high prevalence of depression or other mental distress can be caused by confounding factors such as low income, limited access to care, insurance or language issues, substance use and alcohol abuse. 1(department of health, NY