Depression And Retirement Status Among Older Adults

Superior Essays
Jyotsana Parajuli GTY 750

Association between depression, retirement status and self-rated health status among older adults aged 65 and over in the United States

Literature Review
The number of older adults is increasing worldwide as longevity is increasing. The population of the world aged 60 years and older is projected to be 2 billion by 2050, increasing from 900 million in 2015 (WHO, 2015). With the graying of baby boomers, the number of older adults in the United States is escalating rapidly as well. The population aged 65 and over is projected to be 83.7 million by 2050, almost double from its estimated population of 43.1 million in 2012 (Ortman & Velkof, 2014). Due to this rapid increase in the number of older adults maintaining
…show more content…
Data Source
This study used the data of 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). HRS is a longitudinal panel study that surveys a representative sample of approximately 20,000 Americans over the age of 50, every two years. The HRS study collects information from the general public about a wide variety of subjects such as income, occupation and employment histories, marital histories and family compositions, assets, pension plans, health insurance, disability, physical health and functioning, cognitive functioning, and health care expenditures, living arrangements and other aspects of life. The people surveyed in HRS during each 2-year cycle of interviews, represent the diversity of the nation in terms of economic conditions, racial and ethnic backgrounds. The HRS is managed jointly through an agreement between the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan (Growing Older in America).
…show more content…
used complex sampling design that involved clustering and stratification) ( Health and Retirement Study, Sample Evolution. 1992:1998). This present study utilized 2012 wave of HRS study and had a sample of 37,317 respondents of which 16334 individuals (43.77 %) were male and 20983 (56.23%) were female. The average age of the respondents was 67 years.

Modes of data collection
Health and Retirement Study used the in-person interview technique and telephone interview technique as a mode of data collection.
Measures used:
In this study, the main outcome variable will be self rated health status and the two main predictor variables will be depression and retirement status. Also, demographic variables such as age, race, gender education and marital status will be used as controls. Below is the description of how each of the variables were constructed in the Health and Retirement Study and how it will be recoded for the purposes of present

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    5. DEPRESSION OF GROWING CONCERN Introduction Depression is less predominant among older adults than among younger adults but can have serious consequences. Depression in older adults differs in both subtle and obvious ways from depression earlier in the lifespan. Exhibition, ethology, risk and protective factors, and potential outcomes all reflect aspects of the older adult’s position in the lifespan.…

    • 531 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The weakness of the article is that data taken are not a random sample of the country, which puts a restrain on the generalization of the results. Also, there is a lack of discrepancy in respondent age, as over 98% of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) were born between 1938 and 1940. The strength of the article is the authors promoting the essential piece of optimal patient-centered care for older adults, and the inclusion of gender, cognitive ability, multiple personality traits, rural or farm origins, education, and wealth as an integral part of personal and health care decision…

    • 99 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Prevalence Depression is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Prevalence of major depression in the United States is approximately 7%, with differences by age groups and gender. The prevalence of major depression in 18- to 29-year-old individuals is threefold higher than the prevalence in individuals age 60 years or older. Females are at 1.5- to 3- fold higher risk to develop depression than males (DSM, 2013).…

    • 206 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1. The shift in demographics will have a drastic impact on health status, health services, and health expenditures. With constant advancement in research in technology regarding health and diseases, the population of old age people is increasing significantly. A way to measure health status is performing activities of daily living (ADL). In the National Center for Health Statistics' National Health Interview Survey, it was reported that in 1980, 3.1 non-institutionalized million people needed assistance with these daily activities.…

    • 544 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abstract As of today, elders are living longer and have more active, healthier lives. Over 77 million baby boomers turning the age of 65 at a rate of 10,000 per day, the United States is experiencing historic growth in the 65-plus demographic (NCOA, 2012). But it also studies have been shown that African American elders are a lower life expectancy than other races. Even though African Americans have a lower life expectancy it has been shown that African American elders confident about what the future holds for them with health and also happiness.…

    • 1045 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Depression in the elderly is misdiagnosed due to many reasons. Our textbook explains many factors that lead to misdiagnosis of depression in the aging population. Health care professionals are not trained enough to recognize the signs in older adults, elder individuals report more physical symptoms that are often associated with other common illnesses, older patients generally have less time with their doctor, and most disturbing is that some health care professionals have the attitude that depression is part of the normal aging process. (S.K Whitbourne, S.B Whitbourne). Proper diagnoses of depression in the aging population need to be a higher priority.…

    • 584 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The most important qualities for a strong leader in public health. 1. Honesty: When leaders give their employee an honest assessment of their performance, they have a chance to make improvements. 2. Vision:…

    • 479 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In align to the productive aging assumption, that older Americans can and should work more, legislators have also shown their interest in rising the eligibility age as high as 70 for the Social Security benefits (Rho, 2010). However, a study by Anthony Bonen (nd) presented evidence that rejects the assumption that older Americans are physically and mentally capable to work for pay in their later life. Whilst, Johnson (2004, p.55) cautions that “policymakers should provide an adequate safety net for those adults whose demanding jobs and health problems force them to retire early”, Anthony (nd) stated that “now those adults represent, in fact, the bulk of older working Americans – it is not simply a matter of making special provision for an unlucky…

    • 297 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Population Trends Paper

    • 465 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Population trends have varied greatly over the course of U.S. history, as well as the dynamics that impact governmental and fiscal decisions. Current trend patterns indicate that the overall population is expected to reach over 400 million in the next fifty years, an estimated twenty (20%) percent of those will be age sixty-five (65) and older. The evolution of the age structure of a population and the leading causes of death of that population are key determinants for establishing a plan in future financial sustainability and successful delivery of health care to that population. Statistics indicate that the average age of the typical American is getting older. In part, this is a result of increasing longevity and lower fertility.…

    • 465 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Older Americans Act Essay

    • 799 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The increasing number of older adults in the United States deals with economic, social, political and psychological stresses. Even though, some people never reach the age of 65, 75 or above, others have illnesses if they do. However, more and more people are living healthy lives well into their 90s and older. There are several changes that take place in the human body as it ages: vision and hearing declines, the skin and blood vessels become less flexible, the muscle strength lessens…

    • 799 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    As of 2015, there were 55 million Americans in the 65 or older population, as compared to 17.5 million in 1963. The increase can be mostly attributed to two factors. One, advances in health care have significantly improved longevity of citizens—people are living longer. Two, the generation referred to as the Baby Boomers now reside in the ’65 and older’ age group. But as science, technology and medicine continue to improve, the number of people over 65 is projected to grow to 80 million by 2030.…

    • 1144 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The US population is beginning to see a significant growth in the proportion of Americans who are 65 and older, projections suggest by 2030 those 65 and older will comprise 20.3% of the total population (Ortman & Velkoff, 2014). The declines in fertility and the dramatic increases in longevity have increased the proportion of seniors in the population (Cherlin, 2010).…

    • 298 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Cost Of Healthcare

    • 699 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The cost of health care in the U.S is considered the highest in the world today. While excellent medical care is available in the United States, health care economics and the service delivery system present many challenges for the consumer and practitioner similarly. Throughout the world, the United States has many people swimming in debt because of the cost of healthcare. Healthcare spending has increased by 933.5 billion between 1995 and 2014.Concerns over health care cost are an issue that is rising over U. S. citizens every day. “Their concerns, wide and varied, include: being wipe out financially by a catastrophic illness, losing employer-provided coverage due to a job loss, keeping up with escalating co-pays and deductibles, and paying…

    • 699 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nevertheless, depression can impact 1 in 5 older people who are living in the community as well as two in five living in care homes all over world. This essay will discuss the depression in aging adults, its causes and preventation. Discussion Environmental factors Environmental factors that…

    • 445 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This has become a consecutive point of research as we continue to move into the 21st century. The research will be imperative to the study of gerontology because it covers areas that are sparse and provide an outline to improve future studies and diminish…

    • 535 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays