The policy prohibits active euthanasia, but the statement begins to deny that no further treatment is related to the intentional termination of life. Rachels points out the mistake in the statement. He thinks that doctors are only worried about the patient will die soon, or the patient’s life will become a huge burden. Nonetheless, he shows the same viewpoint in these cases that significant difference between killing and letting die hardly exist in the case of euthanasia. No matter what humane reasons that a doctor decides to let a patient die, his decision would be morally reprehensible.…
Cultures have different views and traditions about death, and there have been significant debates about the determination of death by neurologic criteria. The acceptance and diagnosis of brain death originates from the Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School, whom “declared unilaterally that individuals in a state of ‘irreversible coma’… could be declared dead” (2). This concept on death and the role of healthcare providers extends beyond the medical world, as recent development has made it possible to pro-long life through resuscitative and support measures. As a result, it has legally redefined death by setting brain-death, rather than cessation of heart and lung function, as the standard for death. The reluctance in Japan to practice organ harvesting is influenced by their traditional values, which Lock depicts from a case in which a physician “was arrested for murder” following attempts to perform a heart transplant in Sapporo, Hokkaido (8).…
It is clear that the utmost importance in any medical context is the relationship between the healthcare practitioner and the patient. The duty of a physician is to adhere to certain principles of medical ethics namely the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. By examining the case study involving Dr. Nancy Morrison, one can observe that these principles are often ambiguous when referring to the issue of whether she committed voluntary active euthanasia or nonvoluntary active euthanasia. Thus, the thesis will aim to exemplify that ultimately Dr. Nancy Morrison was culpable for her actions. To give some context to the issue, Paul Mills was a 65-year-old individual suffering from terminal esophageal cancer.…
The mystery of mortality and death has perplexed humans for centuries. Many individuals question, “What happens when we die?” and “Why do bad things happen to good people?” One asks themselves, who genuinely possesses the right to determine who can live and who must die? Few countries and American states allow legalized participation in physician assisted suicide (PAS) which permits individuals to make the choice regarding whether they live or die based on their inevitable suffering due to disease.…
Death With Dignity: A Commentary Sergej Jagodin Millersville University Medical Aid in Dying: A Commentary The ability to choose when to die is not a topic that is heavily discussed throughout a person’s life. What constitutes dying early and on one’s own terms? Is it moral? Is it right?…
Organ donation is an amazing part of modern technology that has allowed us to save many lives. Unfortunately, finding organs that are available for donation can be very challenging. This has caused some to theorise about the possibility of organ conscription after death. In this essay, I will be critically assessing the statement `the needs of the living outweigh the wishes of the dead; so organs should be conscripted after death’. I will begin by clarifying what I mean by the terms organ conscription and death, and what the parameters around donation are.…
Many wonder if euthanasia is right and moral and if it is not what should be done when being faced with this situation. I think the best way to look at physician-assisted euthanasia is through consequentialism and deontology. It’s important we look at the consequences of physician-assisted suicide because they are literally the difference between life and death. A patient that is gravely ill or in a coma may be diagnosed and given a time limit until death, however, some patients have surprised their doctors.…
Biomedical science has made great advances in the past few decades and improved mortality rates for individuals suffering from severe organ failure with the amelioration of organ transplantation. Through these advancements come anew process of donating and harvesting healthy organs, including prolonging withdrawal measures in order to maintain organ viability. While the conversation of organ donation appears to be a little more light hearted, especially if had in a healthier stage of life, withdrawal of care would definitely be the opposite of that – an atypical topic often occurring after the strike of tragedy, forcing that darker discussion. Often, during times of hardship, a person has lost their ability to communicate and these decisions…
The evolution of modern medicine has dramatically lengthened the life expectancy of human beings. In many cases, the quality of those life years are satisfactory, and elderly individuals enjoy life. However, there are also many people experience terminal diseases or tragic accidents that reduce their quality of life to the point they no longer want to live. In these cases, patients may plead with their doctor to end their life. Naturally, a physician ending the life of her patient is morally conflicting.…
This led to the questioning of ethical considerations have an influence on the definition and criteria of death. Once the brain dead criteria were accepted, many scholars worried it would lead to an ethics downfall. They argued when considering brain death as death, it would open doors to unethical practices. Practices such as using brain dead patients for surgical, immunological, and drug research, or using prolonged artificial respiration until organ procurement is completed (Fortunato, 2013). Most of those unethical practices they forewarned have become common medical procedures.…
The discussion on physician-assisted death (PAD) and euthanasia has been fenced with controversy whether by the media or in philosophy. Considerably, the arguments that surround this issue has increased periodically due to the fact that health care and medicine has evolved continuously to safeguard not just patients and families, but all health care providers as well. Physician assisted death is “the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician” (Westefeld et al., 2013, p. 539). Oftentimes, PAD is erroneously used interchangeably with euthanasia. According to Dieterle, euthanasia occurs when the active instigator of death is the physician.…
Before examining hospital policies, state death laws, and the uses of ethics committees; it is important to understand the public misconceptions about death, why medical interventions are discontinued, and the demands that families place on doctors. Although there is public awareness of the two types of death: brain and cardiopulmonary, the reasons for stopping medical interventions or life supports are not common knowledge. Additionally, the inaccurate portrayals of medical intervention and death in the media exacerbate the misunderstandings between caretakers and physicians due to families obtaining their medical knowledge from erroneous sources.…
With just a click of a mouse on donatelife.net or selecting “yes” to organ donation when applying for a driver’s license, one can simply register to become an organ donor. Organ donation is viewed as a heroic act and is highly encouraged in the United States because in total, there are about 120,000 Americans waiting for organ transplants. To understand the eligibility of organ donations, one needs to have knowledge of the types of death and its impact on the person. Of the 2.2 million people who die in America each year, only a few die under circumstances that make them eligible to be organ donors. It is common that most deceased organ donors are pronounced brain dead.…
In this paper, we are going to present an analysis regarding medical ethics, specifically Euthanasia and we will try to describe the position of a Consequentialist, Deontologist, and Virtue ethics philosophers and what their decision will be in reference to this dilemma. Subsequently we will compare and choose which position is the most appropriate to handle this ethical dilemma and explain why the others positions do not work. We will do our best to present enough evidence to support the reasoning behind our selection. Anything that involves a decision about ending a person’s life regardless of the circumstances, presents ethical dilemmas on how or why this can be done or even worse accepted.…
Organ Transplants Doctors have been performing organ transplants since the year 1954. Organ transplantation is a very difficult task and requires a lot of training, skill, and patience. The first recorded organ transplant was performed on December 23, 1954, it was performed on twin brothers, Ronald and Richard Herrick. The doctor that performed this surgery was Dr. Joseph Murray.…