David Hume

Improved Essays
Hume Essay
Relevant parts of Hume’s epistemology supposed that a man cannot determine the missing shade of blue (MSOB) without having experienced that shade. A Cartesian objection of Hume is that he will be able to combine the other shades while in defense of Hume you can argue that this shade is simply a compound idea connected by cause and effect.
Hume distinguishes between two mental states of the human mind which are Impressions and Ideas. Impressions are our direct lively perceptions of things we have experienced and Ideas are nothing more than less lively copies of your original impressions (Enquiry II). For instance when I am watching an NBA game on TV and see Steph Curry make a half court three-pointer that is an impression, me remembering
…show more content…
All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided into two kinds, to wit, Relations of ideas, and Matters of Fact (Enquiry IV). Hume views Relations of ideas to be the beliefs of the sciences of Math and everything that is intuitively or demonstratively certain. Hume views these beliefs to be attained by reasonings a priori; meaning they are discoverable by operation of thought without the need of experience. Hume views Matters of Fact as the beliefs that report the nature of things that are already in existent. All reasonings concerning Matter of Fact seem to be founded on the relation of Cause and Effect, and the knowledge of this relation arises entirely from experience (Enquiry IV). Hume supposed that the beliefs of Matters of Fact are attained by reasonings a posteriori; meaning that the knowledge of these beliefs come from evidence and observations. That any knowledge a man has of an object comes from constant conjunction of ideas and if presented with an entirely new object to which he has no experience, he will not be able to discover its causes and …show more content…
The Cartesian objection states valid arguments but lacks in the sense that shades are not numbers and their patterns are not certain. Hume’s epistemology proposes that anything known a priori is certain knowledge. In defense of Hume you can use the connection of ideas through cause and effect. The example used for this connection was that you throw a branch in a fire and the fire burns brighter. Each time you throw the branch into the fire the size and light emitted will be different while the idea in your mind will be from the impression of the previous outcomes (the idea in your head= n-1, n-2, . . . n-n, while the actual outcome = n) which is not the actual outcome. Having experienced the last outcome implies that the idea formed is from an experienced

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    He argues against the indeterministic view by redefining the deterministic mindset. Determinism states that events, including human actions, are dictated by causes from sources other than the will. Therefore, the foundation of indeterminism consists with the idea that individuals have no free will. With this, Hume reasons that determinism does not rely on events being causally necessitated; it depends only on human perception of events as being so. He was able to reach this conclusion by suggesting that constant conjunction occurs in nature rather than necessary connection, and that the idea of necessity came from the perception of two events being connected.…

    • 649 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    2. Hume states that habit is the great guide to human life because custom allows us to use experience to navigate our world. He makes this assertion because it follows a criticism of our understanding of cause and effect as previous philosophers speculated. Hume makes the point that we do not actually understand cause and effect, only the relation of repetition shared between two things. We don't actually see the change that happens between one event to the next, and understanding the probability between two events does not represent common sense or reasoning as other believed.…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    He argues that the analogy between the universe and human creations, such as machines is weak, since the universe is not really as obviously similar to a machine as the argument claims. The arrangement, composition, and workings of the universe are extremely different from a man-made machine. He explains that even a single and small difference between the effects of two things can reveal great differences between the causes. This refutation of the argument is plausible, since it shows that an argument from analogy only works effectively when the things we're comparing are extremely similar, but the universe is totally different from a machine or watch. Also, Hume argues that we have only limited exposure to a part of the universe, yet we're taking attributes based on imperfect observations of that small part, such as order, design, and intelligence and using them to make a claim about the whole universe.…

    • 1287 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    He also claims that every detail of intelligence that we have an understanding of is within animals, then proceeds to argue that it is more logical to view intelligence not as the originating cause of conflict order, but as a resulted cause. Hume believes that intelligence is not the beginning cause, but it is the blind, uncaring forces of nature that contributes to cause. A law implies a law creator, without a law creator, the law is meaningless and cannot accomplish anything to where Hume…

    • 848 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In David Hume’s an Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Hume explains the connection and distinction between impressions and ideas. Impressions are our perceptions of our senses; “hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will” (539). Ideas are our perceptions that reflect on those sensations. One big difference between ideas and impressions is that ideas can be things that do not exist, like unicorn or space aliens (539). He states in his Principle of Empiricism that for every idea there is a corresponding impressions and simpler ideas.…

    • 460 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Hume delivers convincing arguments against both the Ontological and Design Arguments by using his distinction between matters of…

    • 1206 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    One of the main concepts that Hume is known for is his idea of causality and the problem of induction. Hume believed that we can cannot prove…

    • 1421 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    How do we reach a conclusion regarding unobserved matters of fact? Hume claims that knowledge of unobserved matters of fact cannot be…

    • 496 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Thoughts of the Collective Psychology presents several explanations for instances of indecision and the iconic angelic and fiendish voices inside the mind. The concept of dualism and fragmentation of the mind has existed since Aristotle and Plato, but Robert Louis Stevenson captured the quintessential belief behind dualism in his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Mr. Jekyll explores the duality of a human mind through theoretical experiments which eventually produce two antagonistic personalities, yet he guesses “that man will be ultimately known for a mere policy of multifarious, incongruous and independent denizens” (Stevenson 43). However, Jekyll’s experiments only provided two aspects of humanity, the kind, earnest appearance…

    • 1462 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Philosophers John Locke and George Berkeley agreed that knowledge is derived from experience. However, while Locke argued that knowledge is also acquired through our senses, such as, primary qualities, the perception, and secondary qualities, the object perceived, Berkeley argued that our minds and ideas are the sole essence of most knowledge, except knowledge of self and knowledge of God. As a subjective idealist, he believed that physical objects only exist as they are perceived. More specifically, there are no primary or secondary properties of objects in themselves, and also, matter cannot be discovered through sensory perception. Both philosophers claimed that knowledge comes through experience, but Berkeley argues that material objects cannot exist if not experienced.…

    • 575 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    John Locke's Argument Against Innate Ideas

    • 1343 Words
    • 6 Pages
    • 4 Works Cited

    This is the belief that it is not possible for there to be ideas in the mind that one is not aware of. Rationalists argued that once children grew up and developed mentally, they would be able to understand the innate ideas. For Locke, the idea that they have to be able to reason to understand and ideas that are supposed to be innate shows and strengthens his argument. This would, however, have to be based on the notion that innate ideas were conscious ideas. On the other hand, if these ideas are gained after reasoning or in conjunction with reasoning, they are not in fact innate fore if they were, such ideas would include mathematics.…

    • 1343 Words
    • 6 Pages
    • 4 Works Cited
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In David Hume’s Treatise, the use of anaphora and alliteration imply to the idea that a fact is a contradiction and you can’t reason with a contradiction. Since it’s a fact, it cannot be questioned. Both Hume and Locke believe that people came up with false facts due to the cause and effect method. Since people experience different kinds of situations, the outcome of the cause will create an effect, which they label as a fact. In addition they both argue that you need background research in order to participate in reasoning an idea or belief.…

    • 1409 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Sheyla Vera Phil 106 Fall 2015 Descartes vs Hume Even though all philosophers claim to have different set of ideas and theories they all basically begin questioning the same thing. From one’s existence, gods existence, and the existence of the soul apart from the body. They all, in some way or another, have argued whether or not another philosopher’s theories are valid or not. When this happens we, as the readers, see the flaws that the previous theory had and then the possible flaws another philosopher might make when argue on the validity of a theory. Hume and Descartes are two philosophers who have argued on how we have come to know what we claim is truth in reference to knowledge, amongst other ideas pertaining to the mind.…

    • 1195 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    David Hume has many theories towards causation, and looks for concrete causes and universal causes, with two kinds of effects, lawful and random events. Everything is made of a lawful element, and random elements. A natural cause effect is relations in a biological system and one is not often interested in the effect of the distresses that will alter the overall dynamics (Chicharro, Daniel). Temporal and Spatial contingency are extreme factors of causation.…

    • 1663 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    When attempting to solve the problem concerning the immortality of the soul, both Plato and Hume must rely on analogy. Plato, being a rationalist, argues that the soul is immortal and is comparable to a form, for it is invisible and incomposite, unlike material objects. Hume, on the other hand, believes that the soul is mortal and compares souls to perishable objects such as bodies. Although neither analogy can offer any validity, Hume 's argument for the mortality of the soul is far more compelling than Plato 's opposing argument.…

    • 1519 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays