Dalia Al-Rubaye
Professor. Dutterer
ENG 1010
October 14, 2015 Darwinian Evolution Since thousands and thousands of years ago, humans have been fascinated by the way they, and other types of living organisms, change over time. They wondered about the reasons of those changes that make various populations of living organisms distinctly different from each other. The answer is; evolution. The theory of evolution was founded and stated by a British scientist called Charles Darwin. Evolution suggested that living organisms are not in a constant condition, rather, they are changing overtime by different evolutionary mechanisms that cause them to evolve. The mechanisms that cause evolution to take place are natural selection, immigration and migration, …show more content…
Mating is not random in most of the world’s populations. Most organisms, even animals, do not randomly pick a member of the opposite gender and choose to mate with it. Humans for example, have their own standards of choosing whom they are going to mate with. Mating in humans is heavily affected by ethnic background, religion, life style, race, physical appearance, etc. For example, the traits of long necks in giraffes is a result of non-random mating. In a giraffes populations, males have to fight each other to get the privilege of mating with a females, while the female just sits back and watches. Suppose that a long neck giraffe male is fighting with a short neck giraffe male, obviously the long neck male giraffe is the one who will win the fight. Long necks in male giraffes allow them to strike better than short neck make giraffes; thus winning the fight. The chance that a long neck make giraffe has to mate with a female giraffe and produce an offspring is higher than the chance of a short neck male giraffe mating with a female giraffe and producing an offspring. That is why the trait of long necks in giraffes is more common than the trait of short …show more content…
Mutations are changes in the composition of a certain version of a specific gene. Mutations create new versions of a gene: thus changing the frequency of that gene in a population. Normally, a gene encodes for a specific trait in an individual. The altered version of that gene might result in a different trait that could be advantageous or disadvantageous. Cancer is an example of mutations. Cells in any part of our bodies contain genes that regulate their growth. Many factors contribute to the mutation of those genes, one is radiation. Radiation alters the composition of a gene, resulting in a mutation. This mutation causes the cell to grow in an abnormal way; so it becomes a cancer cell. According to the National Cancer Institute, “the number of new cases of cancer is 454.8 per 100,000 men and women per year “ (“Cancer”). This increased number of cancer cases is due to mutations that are caused by different factors like radiations, smoking, obesity, hazardous chemicals, etc. Mutant parents are likely to pass a mutation to their children; and this causes change in the frequency of a gene in a
Professor. Dutterer
ENG 1010
October 14, 2015 Darwinian Evolution Since thousands and thousands of years ago, humans have been fascinated by the way they, and other types of living organisms, change over time. They wondered about the reasons of those changes that make various populations of living organisms distinctly different from each other. The answer is; evolution. The theory of evolution was founded and stated by a British scientist called Charles Darwin. Evolution suggested that living organisms are not in a constant condition, rather, they are changing overtime by different evolutionary mechanisms that cause them to evolve. The mechanisms that cause evolution to take place are natural selection, immigration and migration, …show more content…
Mating is not random in most of the world’s populations. Most organisms, even animals, do not randomly pick a member of the opposite gender and choose to mate with it. Humans for example, have their own standards of choosing whom they are going to mate with. Mating in humans is heavily affected by ethnic background, religion, life style, race, physical appearance, etc. For example, the traits of long necks in giraffes is a result of non-random mating. In a giraffes populations, males have to fight each other to get the privilege of mating with a females, while the female just sits back and watches. Suppose that a long neck giraffe male is fighting with a short neck giraffe male, obviously the long neck male giraffe is the one who will win the fight. Long necks in male giraffes allow them to strike better than short neck make giraffes; thus winning the fight. The chance that a long neck make giraffe has to mate with a female giraffe and produce an offspring is higher than the chance of a short neck male giraffe mating with a female giraffe and producing an offspring. That is why the trait of long necks in giraffes is more common than the trait of short …show more content…
Mutations are changes in the composition of a certain version of a specific gene. Mutations create new versions of a gene: thus changing the frequency of that gene in a population. Normally, a gene encodes for a specific trait in an individual. The altered version of that gene might result in a different trait that could be advantageous or disadvantageous. Cancer is an example of mutations. Cells in any part of our bodies contain genes that regulate their growth. Many factors contribute to the mutation of those genes, one is radiation. Radiation alters the composition of a gene, resulting in a mutation. This mutation causes the cell to grow in an abnormal way; so it becomes a cancer cell. According to the National Cancer Institute, “the number of new cases of cancer is 454.8 per 100,000 men and women per year “ (“Cancer”). This increased number of cancer cases is due to mutations that are caused by different factors like radiations, smoking, obesity, hazardous chemicals, etc. Mutant parents are likely to pass a mutation to their children; and this causes change in the frequency of a gene in a