Introduction: It is hypothesized that irregular signaling that is regulated by the PDE4B gene plays a role in the expression of symptoms certain neuropsychiatric diseases (i.e. Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder).
Methods: 878 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were analyzed in the study, 644 were Caucasian and 234 were African American(AA). 604 controls subjects were also included, 407 Caucasian and 197 African American. All non-control patients were diagnosed by clinical interview using DSM-IV criteria which include characteristic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations, social/occupational dysfunction, duration, mood disorders being ruled out etc.… DNA was extracted using standard protocols and genetic associations were determined by chi-squared analyses. All genetic associations were determined within each …show more content…
A total of 58 samples were collected, 14 with schizophrenia, 15 with bipolar, 14 with major depressive disorder, and 15 controls. All brain samples were matched for age, sex, race, post mortem interval (PMI), and hemispheric side. All demographic data was provided and psychiatric diagnosis had been determined by two psychiatrist using DSM-IV criteria. All experiments were performed blinded to the diagnosis of each subjects sample. All protein measurements for the samples were normalized with Beta-Actin. Chi-squares were performed on categorical variables and ANOVAs were performed on continuous variables to test for differences across groups. Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to examine preliminary relationships between protein levels and demographic and brain variables. Differences between groups were examined with repeated-measure ANCOVA with potential confounds being identified as; age, age of onset, brain pH, brain weight, duration of disease, family history, fluphenazine, mode of death, PMI, race, severity of alcohol/substance abuse,
Methods: 878 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were analyzed in the study, 644 were Caucasian and 234 were African American(AA). 604 controls subjects were also included, 407 Caucasian and 197 African American. All non-control patients were diagnosed by clinical interview using DSM-IV criteria which include characteristic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations, social/occupational dysfunction, duration, mood disorders being ruled out etc.… DNA was extracted using standard protocols and genetic associations were determined by chi-squared analyses. All genetic associations were determined within each …show more content…
A total of 58 samples were collected, 14 with schizophrenia, 15 with bipolar, 14 with major depressive disorder, and 15 controls. All brain samples were matched for age, sex, race, post mortem interval (PMI), and hemispheric side. All demographic data was provided and psychiatric diagnosis had been determined by two psychiatrist using DSM-IV criteria. All experiments were performed blinded to the diagnosis of each subjects sample. All protein measurements for the samples were normalized with Beta-Actin. Chi-squares were performed on categorical variables and ANOVAs were performed on continuous variables to test for differences across groups. Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to examine preliminary relationships between protein levels and demographic and brain variables. Differences between groups were examined with repeated-measure ANCOVA with potential confounds being identified as; age, age of onset, brain pH, brain weight, duration of disease, family history, fluphenazine, mode of death, PMI, race, severity of alcohol/substance abuse,