In chapter 6 of Deloria’s Custer Died for Your Sins, he goes extensively into government agencies and their roles in the tribes. He spends a considerable amount of time on the Bureau of Indian Affairs and their area offices around the country. Deloria doesn’t fully condemn the Bureau of Indian Affairs or the area offices, but he points out a lot of their short comings. His main intent in writing the chapter in my opinion is mostly to expose how ineffectual the area offices are. He introduces the idea by relaying a conversation he had with an Interior Office official who told him that “the area offices were scattered ‘strategically’ to serve the tribes” (Deloria 126).…
1. Billy the kid http://www.sjgames.com/gurps/Roleplayer/Roleplayer25/OldWest-Characters.html Summerize: William Bonney spent his youth in saloons and gambling halls, and killed several men before he was 16. Legend says that Billy killed 21 men in all – one for each of the 21 years he lived. Amalyze: Was an outlaw,bandit,an was rich,and always stuck by the code…
In 2001 writing Seeing with the Native Eye: How many sheep will it hold? Toelken talks about being adopted by an old Navajo Indian and living with the Navajo for two years learning their language and culture. He states although he is not an expert of Navajo culture or of other Native American tribes but because of his experience he can say something about how differently they view things and how they process the world around them, and for many of the tribes it would be through their religion. He also mentions that not all Native American tribes are the same, so in order for whites to begin to understand them it would be through religious discussion. This essay is an alternative paradigm, and Toelken’s us of interpretive, intuitive, subjective,…
Speck was one of the first anthropologists studying eastern and southern American Indians to play an active role in processes of cultural change among his research subjects. Speck’s advocacy anthropology, also sometimes called participant intervention, marked a sharp departure from traditional anthropology, which insisted on maintaining professional distance. Allan Holmberg describes participant intervention as the process in which the investigator’s very presence influences the process he is studying. More specifically, participant intervention requires that the investigator assist the community in developing itself while at the same time studying the process of development as it takes place.…
Perdue and Green’s “The Cherokee Removal, A Brief History with Documents” is an introduction to the social and political period surrounding the removal of Cherokee Indians. The authors’ inclusion of many documents, shares with readers, the Indian voices as well as key political figures’ position on sovereign governance. This complex period is successfully outlined by Perdue and Green, with a chronological account of the Indians’ first encounter with Europeans through the inevitable journey, “Trail of Tears”.…
To conclude, this account reveals the many viewpoints towards native culture and “savagery” that colonialists held, reaching from accepting and embracing it to being fully against…
The deification of American historical figures and events is one of the most pervasive and problematic issues facing historians today. Far too often the founding fathers, and other American figures are enshrined in the public memory as heroes and defenders of freedom and democracy. History is often obfuscated by the filiopietistic tendencies of Americans to over venerate historical figures. The objective historical narrative is lost and shrouded by American exceptionalism and the myth of progress and expansion in the American West. Nowhere is this more apparent than the mythos surrounding Custer and the battle of the Little Bighorn.…
Native ways of keeping culture alive must be revitalized, as colonization was detrimental but did not destroy everything. Indigenous relationships with the peopled universe emphasize environmental values and a way of being that holds strong to cultural values. Colonizers desperately tried to erase this deeply rooted culture, but it is hard to erase a link so completely tied to the land. Deeply embedded in each native person’s pedagogy is history, collective trauma, the reverberating effects of genocide and colonization, and yet Native peoples are resilient, proving strength time and time again.…
Due to their strong belief, they felt Native Americans could not be civilized until they accept the social practices of whites’ society, or superior society. The only way…
Native Americans were the first to settle in America and were defined by the English as indigenous people. The English labeled the indigenous people as “savages” and viewed them as an uncivilized culture, while they viewed themselves as a civilized culture. In Robert Warrior’s “Indian,” he argues the idea of the present absence of indigenous culture meaning their culture is what made up American culture and no one realizes it. In the “Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson,” Mary Rowlandson explains her feelings and experience while Native Americans held her captive. In the beginning, her perception of the world was defined as either savage or civilized.…
In today’s society, it still remains a heavily debated topic of discussion amongst people. However, the lives of the Native Americans would never prove to be the same as they were before Columbus and the European people arrived. They accidently…
Native Americans were forced to either follow the ideals of christianity or be ostracized by society completely. Although he was degraded by society, and even by his own comrades such as Boweker who states, “Thats a smart Indian. Shut up”, and “One thing I hate, it’s a silent Indian”(331-332), Kiowa continue to cling to the belief society enforced because it became a part of him much like his Native heritage. O’Brien also states, “Kiowa carried his grandmother’s distrust of the white man, his grandfather’s hunting hatchet. Necessity dictated” (323), signifying Kiowa’s detachment from the group, where O’Brien explains how Kiowa did not have the same feelings as regards to Ted Lavender’s death like the rest of his comrades.…
I have always imagined that there was more to the culture and history of Native Americans than just what I was taught in school; for that reason, In the Hands of the Great Spirit by Jake Page attracted me. Although I realized that a book about the twenty thousand year history of Native Americans would be like reading a textbook, which is not something I do during my free time, I considered the fact that I would actually learn more about a topic that is not “properly” taught in school. One of the biggest topics that I explored in this book was Native American culture; this is an aspect that I had never been taught anywhere else, but that Jake Page really illuminates with myths and pictures placed throughout the book. In addition to that, I…
Overall, Stretten’s argument is only effective in making people aware of her feelings but not effective in representing the community. Because of her lack of credibility and overly hostile language towards the audience, Stretten does not persuade the audience to modify their outlook on Native American culture and how the audience “honor” this community.…
The contrast between indigenous people and those who voluntarily arrived by ship has been emphasized more than commonalities constructing the “ecological Indian” as a pinnacle or at the least something that “Man…” is not. The hunting practices employed by many indigenous tribes was ritualistic in nature with a right and wrong methodology to utilize (Krech 129), however, colonizers would question these practices with regards to buffalos in comparison to the European “proper” and “sporting” methods of hunting (Krech 130). Additionally, the prioritization of economic security over environmentalist concerns can be understood as very human, but increased pressure and scrutiny from outside of a reservation is placed on indigenous populations because they have been held up to the standard of an “ecological Indian” (Krech 226-227). This is another example of a socially constructed “fundamental truth” because these criticisms do not acknowledge the history that forced the tribal leaders to choose between two detrimental…