In conclusion, all 3 studies emphasized the importance of racial-ethnic socialization in adolescent children. Whether cultural socialization affected ethnic identity and affirmation to the affect on character traits such as optimism and pessimism. We can see that the research paper has supported the thesis that RES plays a definite role to an extent. From these studies, it is shown that African Americans are more likely to exercise RES in their households (Wilson, 2016). This may be due to African Americans being most vulnerable to face discrimination whereas, other ethnicities such as predominantly white ones do not. However, researchers can counter argue and say that any minority group can face discrimination and so there would not be a direct
