Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
Many scholars have been discussing the meaning of language and defined it through different ways. According to Bloomfield (1914) language is the system of signs controlled by structural rules which relate the signs to its meanings, N. Chomsky (1996) defined it as a group of sentences which fixed in length and buildup of limited set of parts .other scholars such as E. Sapir (1921), R.A Hall (1968), R.H Robins (1979), have defined it as a system of communication based upon words and sentences, through language people are able to exchange their knowledge, opinions, felling and so on. All these definitions showed clearly that the aim of language is communication which can’t be separated from …show more content…
2012), individuals ESL learners goes through the same natural processes which they use to acquire their mother tongue. They even reach a similar stages and steps to those in their mother tongue acquisition, by making mostly the same grammatical mistakes which they made in their childhood, producing chunks of language even without knowing what does it mean, and depending on the sources of the input that provides them with language mode. ESL learners usually develop their language system which incorporates its elements from their mother tongue, and from the English which they are learning. This way of analysis and thinking (Inter-language) helps them a lot in testing the hypotheses they concluded through their learning. According to Bashir. M, 2012. Stages can be summarized as the following: the first stage is Pre-production, It’s basically the imitation stage in which the learner doesn’t produce language instead they are imitating what they hear, in this stage teacher should focus on building receptive vocabulary as well as focusing on listening comprehensive activities . During this stage, the learner isn’t able to understand what he hears, except if the speaker is mentioning things which the learner observed. Or if the language which has been learnt is similar or related to other languages which the learner already knew. Comprehension activities may help the learner to internalize some of the vocabulary and …show more content…
K. (2002). Most students are facing a;ot of problems in aspects of, having poor grammar or pronunciation, lack of confidence, vocabularies, and strategies. Rubin&Thompson (1982) stated that a great influencing factors of successful language learning are positive traits , age, and effective strategies. For achieving a good communication scholars such as Bygate(1987) Noonan. F.G, (2000) and Harmer (2001), have provided the learners with some tips or strategies in order to approach a native speaker or fluent performance. Noonan. F.G, (2000) provided the learners with some tips that may help them during their communication, the first one he came through was mistakes, according to him mistakes are a normal phenomena which all learners will come across. The second one was misunderstanding, in order to facilitate communication, try to understand and be understood by the listener, learners may repeat , use gestures or even use synonyms and antonyms, making guesses and asking for clarification also has a great effect in order to understand others
Many scholars have been discussing the meaning of language and defined it through different ways. According to Bloomfield (1914) language is the system of signs controlled by structural rules which relate the signs to its meanings, N. Chomsky (1996) defined it as a group of sentences which fixed in length and buildup of limited set of parts .other scholars such as E. Sapir (1921), R.A Hall (1968), R.H Robins (1979), have defined it as a system of communication based upon words and sentences, through language people are able to exchange their knowledge, opinions, felling and so on. All these definitions showed clearly that the aim of language is communication which can’t be separated from …show more content…
2012), individuals ESL learners goes through the same natural processes which they use to acquire their mother tongue. They even reach a similar stages and steps to those in their mother tongue acquisition, by making mostly the same grammatical mistakes which they made in their childhood, producing chunks of language even without knowing what does it mean, and depending on the sources of the input that provides them with language mode. ESL learners usually develop their language system which incorporates its elements from their mother tongue, and from the English which they are learning. This way of analysis and thinking (Inter-language) helps them a lot in testing the hypotheses they concluded through their learning. According to Bashir. M, 2012. Stages can be summarized as the following: the first stage is Pre-production, It’s basically the imitation stage in which the learner doesn’t produce language instead they are imitating what they hear, in this stage teacher should focus on building receptive vocabulary as well as focusing on listening comprehensive activities . During this stage, the learner isn’t able to understand what he hears, except if the speaker is mentioning things which the learner observed. Or if the language which has been learnt is similar or related to other languages which the learner already knew. Comprehension activities may help the learner to internalize some of the vocabulary and …show more content…
K. (2002). Most students are facing a;ot of problems in aspects of, having poor grammar or pronunciation, lack of confidence, vocabularies, and strategies. Rubin&Thompson (1982) stated that a great influencing factors of successful language learning are positive traits , age, and effective strategies. For achieving a good communication scholars such as Bygate(1987) Noonan. F.G, (2000) and Harmer (2001), have provided the learners with some tips or strategies in order to approach a native speaker or fluent performance. Noonan. F.G, (2000) provided the learners with some tips that may help them during their communication, the first one he came through was mistakes, according to him mistakes are a normal phenomena which all learners will come across. The second one was misunderstanding, in order to facilitate communication, try to understand and be understood by the listener, learners may repeat , use gestures or even use synonyms and antonyms, making guesses and asking for clarification also has a great effect in order to understand others