Cancer is at the top of the list of threats to the population nowadays. In 2015, there will be an estimated 1,658,370 new cancer cases diagnosed and 589,430 cancer deaths in the US. Lack of effective and definitive cure can be blamed. Cancer starts growing when cells reproduce uncontrollably and mutate. Tumor (formation of the new mutated cells) can become malignant and invade other parts of the organism. At early stage of cancer progression and when the cancer is accessible it is possible to perform surgery, to remove the neoplasm. However, most of the patient are diagnosed in the later stages, where the cancer had already spread into the lymph nodes. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy are the approved, first-line …show more content…
It’s the second most common cancer in UK. Survival time for patients diagnosed with a late stage of the disease is approx. 1 year with chemotherapy. There are different types of the disease, among which the non-small cell lung carcinoma accounts for approx. 85% of all cases. Smoking is the most significant contributor to the formation of the cancer. As Cuba is famous for its prime quality cigars, the number of lung cancer cases there is very high. That is why government invested in the development of the alternative, efficient …show more content…
This process is called seroconversion and can be measured by evaluating antibody titers of the patients. The higher the titer, the better prognosis for the patient. The level of antibodies must stay high to effectively suppress EGF activity, therefore the vaccine must be administered regularly and should be injected in different areas of the body, to involve more lymph nodes. The vaccine is cheap to produce, it costs Cuban government 1USD per one shot. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. However, in most of cases the vaccine treatment was added after the chemotherapy treatment. The reported side-effects were described as mild. In the II trial of CIMAvax, survival time of the vaccinated vs unvaccinated patients was doubled in a subgroup of patients below 60 years old. Because of this incredible result, the vaccine got registered in Cuba. In phase III trials, there was a case reported to survive 48 months from inclusion. Meta-analysis from April 2015 involving 7 different vaccines confirms the efficacy of the treatment. Data shows that the overall survival, median time to progression and progression-free survival were prolonged. Also fewer side effects were observed in the vaccine group comparing to the control. Unlike chemo, radiotherapy and other targeted therapies, immunotherapy has a very low