Throughout the countless centuries war has ravaged, destroyed, and devastated the many people and countries involved. The Crimean war began in October 1853 and ended in February 1856. The war was between the Russians, British, French, and Ottoman Turkish with the help of the Sardinia-Piedmont army. The war was fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula. The Crimean Peninsula is located in southern Ukraine, in Eastern Europe. The Crimean War was an important event of the history of Europe, its indirect and direct consequences were far reaching and of great significance to the entire world. The war arose from the conflict of great powers in the Middle East. The direct cause was the Russian demand to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects
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Another Russian attempt to intervene, under Prince Michael Gorchakov was repulsed by the Turks. An Easter bombardment destroyed a great deal of the Russian defenses, while the resignation of Conrobert led to the appointment of General Pelissier, a more able commander. Finally, the capture of Kerch on 24 May, which secured allied command of the Sea of Azov, severed the Russian overland supply lines. Over the remains of the summer, the allies slowly nibbled at the Russian defenses, while the battle of the Traktir saw the final Russian attempt to relieve the city defeated by French and Sardinian troops. Finally, on 8 September 1855, the French launched one of the few well planned attacks of the war, aimed at the Malakoff, one of the two key strongpoints of the defense. A heavy bombardment was followed by a well timed assault by an entire French corp. Surprise was achieved by the first use of synchronized watches to time an assault, and after intensive fighting the Malakoff was captured. This put the remaining strongpoint under an intolerable strain, and so that night Prince Gorchakov evacuated the city.The capture of Sevastopol was the last significant fighting of the war. Peace terms were agreed on 1 February 1856 at Vienna, and the final peace agreed at the Congress of Paris, resulting in the Treaty of Paris. Russian lost her dominance in the Balkans, and agreed to respect the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. In some ways Austria was the biggest loser. Having chosen to defy the Russians in the Balkans, she lost her main ally, and over the next few years found that Britain and France were not interesting in propping her up. Indeed, within three years the War of Austria with France and Piedmont lost her much of her Italian possessions, while the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 ended any Austrian influence in Germany. Tsar Alexander II, who came to the Russian throne in
Another Russian attempt to intervene, under Prince Michael Gorchakov was repulsed by the Turks. An Easter bombardment destroyed a great deal of the Russian defenses, while the resignation of Conrobert led to the appointment of General Pelissier, a more able commander. Finally, the capture of Kerch on 24 May, which secured allied command of the Sea of Azov, severed the Russian overland supply lines. Over the remains of the summer, the allies slowly nibbled at the Russian defenses, while the battle of the Traktir saw the final Russian attempt to relieve the city defeated by French and Sardinian troops. Finally, on 8 September 1855, the French launched one of the few well planned attacks of the war, aimed at the Malakoff, one of the two key strongpoints of the defense. A heavy bombardment was followed by a well timed assault by an entire French corp. Surprise was achieved by the first use of synchronized watches to time an assault, and after intensive fighting the Malakoff was captured. This put the remaining strongpoint under an intolerable strain, and so that night Prince Gorchakov evacuated the city.The capture of Sevastopol was the last significant fighting of the war. Peace terms were agreed on 1 February 1856 at Vienna, and the final peace agreed at the Congress of Paris, resulting in the Treaty of Paris. Russian lost her dominance in the Balkans, and agreed to respect the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. In some ways Austria was the biggest loser. Having chosen to defy the Russians in the Balkans, she lost her main ally, and over the next few years found that Britain and France were not interesting in propping her up. Indeed, within three years the War of Austria with France and Piedmont lost her much of her Italian possessions, while the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 ended any Austrian influence in Germany. Tsar Alexander II, who came to the Russian throne in