The examination consisted of students performing prepared pieces with accompaniment, technical exercises, and an étude in front of a professional examiner. The examiner provided a mark to the performance being unsatisfactory (D), satisfactory (C and C+), credit (B and B+), and honors (A and A+). Compared to their original study, their questionnaire was expanded to five questions relating to technical work, sight-reading, pieces, aural ability, and general musical knowledge. An 11-point scale was used to rate each category on 10-unit intervals, with the word ‘can do’ being adjusted to ‘will do’ because the latter is a statement of intention. While there were differences in the data between this study and their original, structural equation modeling showed that self-efficacy was still found to be the most important predictor of achievement in …show more content…
Hendricks (2014) surveyed instrumental performance self-efficacy perceptions of high school musicians (N = 157) who volunteered during a 3-day competitive honor orchestra festival, finding most notably that students became more self-efficacious as the festival continued. The goal of this survey was to examine the effects of a high-stakes musical performance environment on perceptions of self-efficacy. When students arrived to the festival, they participated in an on-site audition and then were placed in two difference orchestras of differing status and difficulty. Over the course of 3 days, students were surveyed, interviewed, and observed by 16 researchers. Students filled out surveys at four points during the weekend: (1) before the placement audition; (2) before the initial rehearsal; (3) the mid-point; and (4) before the final concert. To avoid distractions, surveys were passed out in a packet and students were asked to fill them out when instructed. Student behaviors were observed and on-site interviews were conducted, both during various points throughout the weekend. Overall results showed that there was significant increase in self-efficacy as the weekend went forward. Data specifically from interview and observations showed that there was a difference in the competitive climate between the two orchestras, with the top orchestra being relatively more competitive and the lower orchestra being more