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Madison (1803), which strengthened the judicial branch by recognizing judicial review as unconstitutional. In the same year, the United States was doubled in size by the Louisiana Purchase. In 1807, the Embargo Act backfired economically because we needed to trade with Britain more than they needed to trade with us. However, it did achieve the central purpose of us not going to war with France. In 1809 the act is repealed and in 1812 a war breaks out between the U.S. and Great Britain. Causes of the War of 1812 include merchant grievances – Britain didn’t respect U.S. citizenship, and native conflict because Britain was enabling the natives. The underlying cause was national pride. Jefferson reverts back to earlier years and chooses not to go to war. The war is brought to an end in 1814 when the Treaty of Ghent is signed. Britain relinquishes the gained territory. In 1815, the U.S. wins the Battle of New Orleans. This leads to an era of good feelings. The Monroe Doctrine is founded in 1823; it recognizes independent countries and threatens Europe to stay out of our hemisphere. At this point, there are three major national issues in politics. The Federalists are for a national protective tariff, but the Republicans aren’t because it isn’t in the constitution, benefits the rich, and raises taxes. The Federalists establish a national bank and are given a charter. The charter runs out; leaving the Republicans in power. The Federalists also support internal improvements. The Republicans don’t support at first, but when it is placed in power they adapt. People blame their economic class for the government. The era of good feelings ends in 1824. The “corrupt bargain” of 1824 marks the end of the Jeffersonian Republican Party. None of the candidates won a majority of the electoral votes, so the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson. Adams tells Henry Clay to support