Heart failure is a complicated syndrome characterised by reduced heart productivity and subsequent haemodynamic and neurohormonal responses (Poole-Wilson 1985). Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common pattern of congestive cardiac failure in older people (Nicholson, 2014). Congestive cardiac failure can be caused by a number of pathological conditions, some of these conditions can be reversed through medications and natural remedies but others may not be (Nicholson, 2014). Patients can have Congestive cardiac failure without having any underlying co-morbidities but it is more commonly known to have co-morbidities.
Co-morbidities
Duel Pacemaker for Atrioventricular block
Bilateral Oedema in legs
Hepatic duct strictures
Right Hemisphere ischemic stroke
Explanation of one co-morbidity-
Bilateral Oedema in lower legs. …show more content…
Chronic oedema affects an estimated 10.31 per 1000 people aged between 65-74 years old (Elwell, Craven 2015). Oedema plays a key role in Congestive Cardiac failure but the pathophysiology varies pending on each individual (Clarke, Cleland, 2013). Oedema can be categorised into two main areas, Pulmonary oedema and peripheral oedema, William suffers from peripheral oedema (Clarke, Cleland 2013). Peripheral oedema is associated with aging, trauma, alcoholism, congestive heart failure, hypertension and many more conditions. William has been affected and put at high risk because of his diagnosis of congestive heart failure and his age. The oedema is caused by an accumulation of fluid build up that is causing swelling in Williams’s lower legs and has become perfused by his peripheral vascular system. The excess total body water in the patient measures peripheral oedema; it is best treated by eliminating the excess fluid, with medicating or mechanically removing the fluid (Clarke, Cleland
Co-morbidities
Duel Pacemaker for Atrioventricular block
Bilateral Oedema in legs
Hepatic duct strictures
Right Hemisphere ischemic stroke
Explanation of one co-morbidity-
Bilateral Oedema in lower legs. …show more content…
Chronic oedema affects an estimated 10.31 per 1000 people aged between 65-74 years old (Elwell, Craven 2015). Oedema plays a key role in Congestive Cardiac failure but the pathophysiology varies pending on each individual (Clarke, Cleland, 2013). Oedema can be categorised into two main areas, Pulmonary oedema and peripheral oedema, William suffers from peripheral oedema (Clarke, Cleland 2013). Peripheral oedema is associated with aging, trauma, alcoholism, congestive heart failure, hypertension and many more conditions. William has been affected and put at high risk because of his diagnosis of congestive heart failure and his age. The oedema is caused by an accumulation of fluid build up that is causing swelling in Williams’s lower legs and has become perfused by his peripheral vascular system. The excess total body water in the patient measures peripheral oedema; it is best treated by eliminating the excess fluid, with medicating or mechanically removing the fluid (Clarke, Cleland