Congenital malformations is a physical defect present at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by events existing before or at birth. In a malformation, the development of a structure is arrested, delayed or misdirected early in embryonic life and the effect is permanent. 1
For centuries, skeletal deformities have fascinated many civilizations. For example, the Egyptian God path was depicted as a short limbed dwarf and metabolic bone disorders were recognised in early Christian times 2. Polydactyly is evident in a hand print described from the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum. 3
Major structural anomalies occur in 2-3% of live born infants, and 2-3% are recognised in children by age of 5 years for a total of 4-6%. Malformations are caused by environmental and or genetic defects acting independently or in concert. Malformations have their origin during the third to eight weeks of gestation.4
The congenital malformations can involve many different systems including musculoskeletal system. In some of the studies conducted to know the incidence of congenital malformations, musculoskeletal malformations have stood first. …show more content…
Thalidomide (a sedative and anti-nauseant) drug consumed during pregnancy has caused Phacomelia, Congenital heart disease, anal stenosis and atresia of external auditory meatus in Germany.A congenital malformation need not necessarily be caused by a single etiological factor as some defects are purely genetically determined whereas others are the result of environmental factors like maternal medication, infection or irradiation. Majority of them are the result of complex interaction of genetic and environmental
For centuries, skeletal deformities have fascinated many civilizations. For example, the Egyptian God path was depicted as a short limbed dwarf and metabolic bone disorders were recognised in early Christian times 2. Polydactyly is evident in a hand print described from the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum. 3
Major structural anomalies occur in 2-3% of live born infants, and 2-3% are recognised in children by age of 5 years for a total of 4-6%. Malformations are caused by environmental and or genetic defects acting independently or in concert. Malformations have their origin during the third to eight weeks of gestation.4
The congenital malformations can involve many different systems including musculoskeletal system. In some of the studies conducted to know the incidence of congenital malformations, musculoskeletal malformations have stood first. …show more content…
Thalidomide (a sedative and anti-nauseant) drug consumed during pregnancy has caused Phacomelia, Congenital heart disease, anal stenosis and atresia of external auditory meatus in Germany.A congenital malformation need not necessarily be caused by a single etiological factor as some defects are purely genetically determined whereas others are the result of environmental factors like maternal medication, infection or irradiation. Majority of them are the result of complex interaction of genetic and environmental