Confirmation Bias Research Paper

Improved Essays
The effect of personal anecdotal evidence on confirmation bias.

Confirmation bias is the common human tendency to notice or seek out information which confirms our already existing beliefs while ignoring evidence which conflicts our beliefs. It is particularly prevalent in cases where our beliefs are mere prejudice or based on superstition. Confirmation bias is the reason why many people believe in the supernatural such as ESP, lucky charms or the lunar effect: a claim that human behaviour is influenced by the position of the moon in its cycle. These kind of beliefs are usually backed up by evidence of personal experience. I will argue that knowledge of the existence of confirmation bias as a widespread phenomenon and how it works will allow people to be less influenced by their own biases and less susceptible to believing in the supernatural. If individuals place less weight on the reliability of personal anecdotal evidence, then aspects of confirmation bias can be avoided.

The notion that our perception and memory of events has a direct correspondence to reality is simply wrong. A great deal of research today suggests that what we perceive is not just a result of our eyes and ears but also by what we know to be
…show more content…
I was confirming the existence of my own confirmation bias, using the confirmation bias phenomenon. It could be argued that was I noticing these events happening because I expected them to. I was simply observing things which confirmed my belief that confirmation bias exists. Which in a sense is true. However, I stated earlier that by simply knowing about confirmation bias you are in a better state to not be lead astray by your own

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    P1 Unit 2 Research

    • 1410 Words
    • 6 Pages

    This is a confirmation bias. P2: In Wason’s 2-4-6 Task, the participants can focus on the hypothesized rule that may be a subset of the correct rule. Someone might hypothesize that the rule is increasing by two’s while the correct rule is just increasing numbers. Instead of confirming the hypothesis it further supports the subset of the hypothesized rule consequently also a correct rule. By this confirmation, people overlook what falsifies the hypothesized rule, and this leads to confirmation bias.…

    • 1410 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The overconfidence phenomenon when one overestimates the accuracy of one’s beliefs and tend to be more confident than they are correct. One example of this is the movie is when McMurphy believes that he can lift the sink in the washroom and throw it out the window so that he can escape, go downtown and watch the world series. Billy told him that he can’t do it and he could not get out of there. However, McMurphy is confident he can do it and asked anybody if they wanted to bet that he could not do it. People start betting and Billy keeps trying to tell him that nobody could ever lift it.…

    • 701 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Black and white. Right and wrong. It makes you miss options. 19. Confirmation Bias: developing a quick belief about a situation and then seeking out information that bolsters our belief.…

    • 1673 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Congruence bias is the tendency to avoid all other possible conclusions after a first conclusion is made. In other words, when a person feels like they have “found the answer”, they are unlikely to consider other possible answers. Davies suggests that confirmation bias and congruence bias originate from the same psychological mechanism. In both cases, it is a tendency to avoid information that challenges previously accepted views. Both of these behaviours can lead to errors with serious implications.…

    • 815 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Although our brains have the capability to store a near infinite amount of memories they are not always reliable when it comes to retrieving these memories. Often times when eyewitnesses describe what they saw, their memories are false or unreliable. These accounts are unreliable because of proactive and retroactive interference. The book says that proactive interference is when past memories interfere with the present. This could affect eyewitness accounts because if the eyewitness was in a witness of a crime before, they could mix the two crimes together and possibly accuse the wrong person.…

    • 201 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Confirmation Bias- hearing information that agrees with what you think and ignoring information that disagrees; selective hearing; EX: getting into a fight with one friend and going to another friend for comfort/advice. You listen when they tell you that you’re right for doing what you did but get angry and stop listening when they tell you that the other friend was right for responding how they did. Hindsight Bias- the tendency to believe that one could’ve predicted a future event after it has already occurred; EX: thinking that it’s going to rain because you see dark gray clouds in the sky and saying that you knew it would if it actually does rain. Anchoring Bias- a faulty shortcut that happens when you estimate something unrelated; EX: shopping,…

    • 257 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    • Confirmation Bias o As America becomes increasingly bi-partisan and social media is a rising medium to consume political news and data, social media is increasing Americans confirmation biases. With social media, for example Twitter, you are able to consume news that solely supports your views. As I have friends on both sides of the political spectrum, I have seen confirmation bias as they refuse to follow accounts that go against their beliefs. This confirmation bias is prevalent as their arguments are so partisan and they fail to take into account opposing viewpoints. I believe that the increased polarization of American politics is some-what linked to the rise in social media.…

    • 411 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    But it is felt that evidence is a reliable guide to the truth, and the more evidence we have, the more we are justified in believing what we do believe. (Meiland) Family, friends, and the environment we live in influences the majority of our beliefs because they are the people who introduce us to them. Although, we are not given the reason to why we should follow those beliefs. We are being taught to accept the facts in high school instead of learning how to justify them.…

    • 727 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    One subject of scrutiny is that throughout the instrument, the PBS refers generally to negative superstitions (e.g., breaking a mirror will cause bad luck) and neglects items referring to positive superstitions (e.g., carrying a lucky charm will bring good luck). Positive superstitions may serve different psychological purposes to negative superstitions. Similarly to other forms of positive illusions, beliefs in positive superstitions may be psychologically adaptive (Wisemen & Watt, 2004).…

    • 69 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Eyewitness Identification The California Innocence Project website states that eyewitness misidentification is a primary cause of wrongful convictions. Up to a quarter of eyewitness identifications in cases of strangers are incorrect. Despite the high rate of error in eyewitness identification, eyewitnesses can provide the most damning evidence against a suspect. Several reasons explain the high error rate in eyewitness identification. One reason is the stress and anxiety that individuals feel when they are witnessing a crime.…

    • 612 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Confirmation bias uses facts and knowledge that may or may not be true if it solidifies an argument. The flaw to reason is that humans will not change their beliefs if there is other information that corresponds to believed falsehoods. Kolbert mentions a study conducted by Stanford that examines how students react to any evidence, true or false, regarding capital punishment. The outcome shows that students who were in support of the death penalty were only more in favor of it after looking at evidence and the same goes for people who were against the death penalty. Their beliefs only became stronger (Kolbert).…

    • 834 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Confirmation Bias

    • 565 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In our everyday lives we constantly make decisions such as what should I wear today? Or what should I make for supper? There are also the important life decisions that are made such as what should I become when I grow up? Should I get married? Or Should I work or finish up college?…

    • 565 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Opt For A Disconfirmation Bias / Rejection Bias / Motivated Skepticism Why does this bias have three names? When I was in college, it was called a negative bias where any finding I had was treated with extreme skepticism and I had to aggressively prove I was wrong in order to prove I was right. Nowadays, a negative bias means something else, so I opted for a “Disconfirmation Bias, Rejection Bias and/or Motivated Skepticism.” Make a point, and then spend the rest of your time trying to prove your point wrong. As a tester, this is going to eat into a fair amount of your time, so give it moderate thought during your testing (information gathering) phase, and really knuckle down with it during your conclusions and summaries.…

    • 1262 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Plato's Apology Argument

    • 970 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Every human being has the ability to decide what they believe and what they do not. At a very early age, we develop judgement that allows us to choose whether or not to accept certain claims. These assertions may be tempting, but our reasoning allows us to critically analyze the information with respect to all of our previous knowledge. These claims may be faith based, fact-based, or opinion. Without recognizing it, we take every bit of information we gather, analyze it, and decide whether we accept its validity.…

    • 970 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Why do writers choose paranormal power as their topic instead of other more daily stuffs? As Kripal mentioned in his article, the mystical movement is in late 1962, and the mutant mythology is in 1963. A great amount of classic books and great writers appeared at that time. I believe that in that inevitable trend, more writers tried to do some experiments in the fiction and mystery book field, just like what is happening right now. “Authors and artists of popular culture commonly report similar experiences, and they just as commonly identify those events as the source of their creative powers” (3).…

    • 777 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays