In the Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether the equatorial or axial orientation of the hydroxy group was favored. The setup of the Cold-Finger, and the ability of norborneol to sublime readily allowed for the purification of the crude product to obtain the diastereomeric products exo- and endo-norborneol.…
The copper was removed from wire by tapping it with a glass stir rod, and then rinsing it with deionized water. The copper was removed from the solution and dried. To accomplish this, a filter paper is weighed. The filter paper is then placed in a Buchner funnel, while light suction is applied and water is added slowly to ensure a tight seal. With suction on, the solution is decanted into the funnel.…
List of Materials: 3 branches of douglas fir trees, lab coat, goggles, 3 normal plastic bags, 1 heavy duty bag, gloves, three different spray bottles filled with three different pH level liquids; pH 7, pH 6.8, and pH 4 Steps:…
In this experiment, pinacol was mixed with sulfuric acid, which protonated the pinacol, allowing it to form a better leaving group. Water is the leaving group off of the pinacol and the pinacol becomes a carbocation. The carbocation that is formed is a secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing the carbon that had a positive charge to have a full octet and to be neutral.…
This new mixture was named Master Solution. Next, the pipet was rinsed three times with small amounts of the master solution. The pipet was then used to pipet 10.00 mL of the master solution into a clean, dry 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. This step was repeated until three flasks were filled with 10 mL of the master solution each. Following the filling of the flasks, the pipet was rinsed three times with distilled water and three times with small amounts of hydrochloric acid.…
Then a vacuum filtration apparatus was set by clamping a filter flask to the ring stand and using a hose from the fume hood. Then a piece of filter paper was put into a Büchner funnel which was attached to the filter flask. Then the water to the aspirator was turned on and the remaining solids were transferred to the funnel. Then the copper was rinsed with distilled water and kept on the aspirator to until it was dried. Lastly, the copper was put on a watch glass to weigh the amount of copper left at the end of the…
If an emulsion occurs, use a glass stirring rod to poke around in the emulsion to break it up. Be sure the stopper is removed from the top of the sep funnel for the following drainage step—otherwise the liquid will drain out of the funnel extremely slowly. Once the two layers have separated, or are nearly separated, drain the lower dichloromethane layer into a clean, DRY two hundred and fifty (250) milliliter beaker. Be careful not to drain any of the coffee into the beaker. It is best to leave a very small amount of dichloromethane at the bottom of the seperatory funnel so as not to accidently allow some coffee to escape.…
Evaporation or heating the liquid mixture separated the liquid in the form of vapor was also used in order to get the salt alone. A chemical change also occurred when hydrochloric acid was added to the filtration system because bubbles were visible.…
Part III: TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 Mass of sample KNO3 1.039g 1.041g Drops of AgNO3 27 drops 28 drops 1. Net ionic eq. for formation of solid silver chloride from aqueous solution NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→ NaNO3(aq)+AgCl(s) Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+Ag+(aq)+NO3-(aq)→ Na+(aq)+NO3-(aq)+AgCl(s) Cl-(aq)+Ag+(aq)→ AgCl(s) 2. Net ionic eq. for formation of solid silver chromate from aqueous solution K2CrO4(aq)+2AgNO3(aq)→ 2KNO3(aq)+Ag2CrO4(s) 2K+(aq)+CrO42-(aq)+2Ag+(aq)+2NO3-(aq)→ 2K+(aq)+2NO3-(aq)+Ag2CrO4(s) 2Ag+(aq)+CrO42-(aq)→ Ag2CrO4(s)…
There have been many great articles that have been published over the years . There are also many great authors such and Pam Munoz Ryan and Jennifer L. Holm. These two magnificent writers have produced many great articles. These authors have produced two very good articles such as “Freddie in the Shade” and Follow the Water”. Jennifer L. Holm is an American children's writer , and a person who won three Newbery Medals for her writing.…
My junior year, I decided to take my first Advanced Placement class, which was AP Chemistry. It was easy at first because it was all review from the general chemistry class I had taken the previous year. Then it started to get really hard. I had drifted through all of highschool with never needing to study before and suddenly I was studying for hours every night. The stress was really taking a toll on me and I slacked off third quarter.…
Each of extracts and theirs pure compunds will weigh out 0.035 grams and will be dissolve with the 96% of ethanol. The disk was soak into the extract and then placed on the nutrient agar prepared. Then all the petri dish are placed in the incubator. The diameter of the ring appears on the nutrient agar was measured to determine the antimicrobial activity of each plant extract after 16 to 20…
In particular, there was a significant amount of drying agent added which may have resulted in the loss of some product. As well, some product was lost in the removal of the product from the drying agent and during the distillation because of incomplete transfer. In addition, some was also likely lost through draining along with the aqueous phase during the washes and extractions. Improving the efficiency of these could increase the yield of the product by causing less…
Preparation for Cell Lysis Obtain the mammalian expression vector for homo sapien ESR2 from Addgene. Assemble the vector to code for the proteins snail, slug and twist. Transfect HEK293 cells with the modified plasmids in petri dishes. Allow the cells to grow for 1-2 days so they will express the proteins. Transfer the culture medium to a centrifuge tube to separate it from the cells.…
Measuring the mass of Iron in an iron sulphate tablet using REDOX titration Aim The aim of this experiment is to determine the mass of iron present in one iron sulphate tablet using REDOX titration under acidic conditions. Safety H2SO4: This is an irritant which may cause burns on skin and eyes; therefore care must be taken when handling this chemical.…