An experiment was carried out to determine the percent of 100 percent cranberry juice in cranberry apple juice. This experiment is significant in everyday chemistry because it is the job of many chemists, in regulatory agencies such as the FDA, to quantitatively determine if the ingredients listed on the label of a substance are actually in that substance. Cranberry juice has particular qualities that are not found in other juices. The quality studied in this experiment was color. Cranberry apple juice is a mixture, but, because it is said to contain cranberry juice, it should also have some of the same unique identifying quality, color, that cranberry juice has.…
It is essential for pharmacists to be able to predict the theoretical rate kinetics of pharmaceutical products in order to determine its shelf life. As the shelf life is defined by (t90), which is the availability of greater or equal to 90% of the drug, it is important to discover the rate of degradation of a drug to ensure that the patients receive an adequate dose of the drug. In this experiment, the stability of the active ingredient of Aspro Clear is investigated to identify the rate of degradation at different temperatures, to determine the optimum temperature for the storage of medications like Aspirin. First order reaction is classified as a reaction that is dependent or directly proportional to the concentration of a single reactant.…
M2V2 must be change into (M_1 V_1)/M_2 =V_2. The final volume needed for the red dye was 5.00 mL, the blue dye 3.60 mL, and the rest was filled up with deionized water up to 25 mL in a volumetric flask. Only one trial was done. To measure the accuracy of the created solution, the solution was put in a UV-Vis spectrometer. Then the absorbance curve of the created solution was compared to the absorbance curve of the Gatorade.…
The purpose of this lab was to understand the Law of Conservation of Mass and how it works, using half of an Alka-Seltzer tablet, concealed in a water to fill the container, while a balloon sealed the top to keep it a closed system. The hypothesis was, if the Alka-Seltzer chemical reaction is a closed system, then the mass of the products will equal the reactants. The data did not support the hypothesis because the products were almost always a different mass to the reactants but only the last trial revealed that the mass of the reactants was equal to the products. Usually, the trials indicated a loss of mass until the third trial was done, which was a success. Since the experiment was a closed system, matter could not leave or enter.…
In the nine unknown solutions experiment there was nine solutions that were labeled with just numbers from one to nine and all of these one to nine solutions were mixed together randomly to see what kind of reaction it would form. There were mostly no reactions being formed but the reactions that were soluble and insoluble formed different colors of precipitate. The main importance in finding the nine unknown solutions was to prevent any inaccuracies that might form when there is a chemical compound forming. This experiment was done to determine the identity of the nine unknown solutions like color (physical trait), and chemical characteristics.…
The average absorbance rate in figure 2 presents the different levels of reaction in terms of the chemical compounds. Comparing the average values (Team 1 representing our results) there is not much of a pattern when viewing the absorbance for each specific test tube for each team. Although, there are some values that were around the same range including test tube 2. As for enzyme change, the high amount of enzymes increases the absorbance that shows an increase in reaction as seen in test tube 4 (figure 1). However, because of the decrease at 30 minutes the results take a shift.…
The purpose of this lab is to determine the Ka of an indicator within an unknown solution. This can be determined because acid-base indicators are weak bases or acids, and when neutralized they change colors. The color change is measured by the light absorption spectra in the compound which can be used to calculate the concentration. This experiment measures the concentrations by the different pH values which allows the pKa and Ka to be determined. Through the experiment, and the recorded color change with the use of the Spec 20 the unknown Ka of the solution was found.…
This law states that the absorbance of a substance is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing substance. The formula for Beer-Lambert law is A=abc. “Where A= absorbance (unit-less); a=molar absorptivity (molarity -1 • cm 1), which is a constant for the absorbing substance, b= path length or thickness of the absorbing layer of a solution (cm), and c=concentration of the solution (molarity).” (Schmidt, 2015).…
From here, the scientist utilized the colorimeter to find the absorbance of this solution in collusion with the absorbance plot for Copper (II) Nitrate solutions of various molarities. From the linear fit of the Beer’s Law plot, calculations for the determination of the molarity and percent mass of copper were executed. Because the absorbance and concentration variables have a direct relationship in the Beer’s Law Equation, the linear fit was an accurate method for calculating the unknown. From the graph, it was observed that as the concentration (or molarity) of the Copper (II) Nitrate solution increased, the absorbance of the solution increased. The scientist was able to relate this finding back to her conclusions from the previous activity to realize that the dark the shade of blue, the less color variance that was reflected and the higher the absorbance.…
The lowest reaction rate was at temperature zero degrees celsius, the peak absorbance around 0.2-0.3…
Catherine Delker Honors Chemistry – Yellow Blue Beaker Experiment Lab Report 8/20/15 Blue Bottle Experiment Problem: The purpose of this lab was to determine the oxidation rate of the Methylene blue solution when tested with varying amounts of solution. Background:…
In a chemical equation, there are the reactants, which is the part that is changed, and the products, which is what is left over. The reactant side and the product side must have the same quantity of each element. If they do not, the equation must be balanced by using coefficients. Mole ratios can be found by using these coefficients. Mole ratios are conversion factors and can be used to found the amounts of the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction.…
The reason we can use absorbance in place of concentration is because of Beer’s Law, which tell us that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration. For this specific experiment there are two reactants so the pseudo-first-oder kinetics method is needed. This can be accomplished by isolating the effects of the concentration of each reactant from the overall reaction rate. Therefore, by running the experiment with hydroxide in large excess, allowed us to view the effect of only the reactant Crystal Violet. By knowing the two different reaction orders for crystal violet and hydroxide, the rate constant “K” was able to be determined.…
From the absorbance of sample A3 and B3 and their diluted versions, the following graphs can be drawn: Figure 2- A graph showing the relation between concentration of bromophenol blue in M and their absorbance for the acidic form of the molecule, showing the molar absorptivity constant of the molecule at wavelengths 440 nm and 590 nm. The reading with concentration 6 x 10-4 M at wavelength 440 nm was discarded as it is too off from the trend line that it is not following the trend at all.…
Conclusion: The the precipitation reactions lab eight out of the fourteen occurring reactions were precipitates. A precipitate means that a solid substance was formed or a substance that is not aqueous was formed. The reactions that did not form a precipitate were DNR, which means that they did not react. At station one barium chloride and potassium nitrate did not react but barium chloride and silver nitrate reacted to form barium nitrate and silver chloride. The precipitate at station one was silver chloride.…