New scientific discoveries challenged the Catholic Church - the established religion - after Nicolaus Copernicus's revolution. Many scientific discoveries were made by Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler, but their discoveries were not viewed as challenging toward the church. However, some of the discoveries of Galileo Galilei were viewed as controversial. Many of Galileo's discoveries challenged the ideas that were commonly held at the time and his findings contradicted the Bible and the ideas of Aristotle and Plato, so he was chastised by the church. Furthermore, the Pope was viewed as infallible and Galileo's discoveries opposed the beliefs of the Pope, so his ideas were viewed as heresy.
New scientific discoveries challenge the establishment
New scientific discoveries challenge the establishment