First ruled by kings as independent city states, later, Mesopotamia would be ruled as empires.
Strong kings or pharaohs and bureaucratic governments continued a period of continuity and
Mesopotamia and egypt had a very similar social structure. in egypt the pharaoh was on top while in Mesopotamia they also had a religious figure on the top of the food chain , in Mesopotamia the top was not nearly as powerful a pharaoh they still were not one to