Compare And Contrast John Locke And Rene Descartes

Improved Essays
Two philosophers that have heavily influenced the world of philosophy as we now know it, René Descartes and John Locke, have not always agreed on the same beliefs. In fact, they almost always argued on what each other felt was true except for the unlikely agreement on a few things. This brings me to one particular argument dealing with the issue on innate ideas. Descartes side of the argument believes that we born with ideas (innate ideas) and Locke believes our ideas come from experience and the senses. Ideas have to stem off of something and the only way for us to have that base for an idea is to experience it. That experience determines our idea of that particular thing.
René Descartes was a Rationalist, which is someone who believes in
…show more content…
He creates this way of thinking that senses can change over different phases and ideas cannot just disappear from our minds. He is right about the fact of changing the matter of an object and still having that idea of what that particular object was before it was changed is from your mind. He gives valid reasons, however he has many weaknesses to his argument. In the textbook, Classical Philosophical Questions, Descartes says that “…if an idea is “clear” if its content includes the nature and essence of it” (195). However, how would you explain knowing about something before it happens? You need that particular experience as a starting point for your mind to create that idea. Descartes says that changing the state of an object allows the idea originate from birth because where else would that idea come from; however, that process of changing the state of that object was still an experience for that individual allowing them to develop that experience into an …show more content…
It is not just through a sense but through a sense, more than one sense, reflection of our own minds and thoughts and all of the senses and reflections put together to form an idea. I do believe that the ideas that we carry throughout life are caused by the situations we experience in our lives. I feel that through experiencing different things in life give us these ideas to expand and learn from. These experiences give us the tools to learn and create concepts for further ideas. We also have ideas from experience because the senses and experiences that we get the information to form our ideas is influenced by these circumstances. In Classical Philosophical Questions, Locke states that “Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas – how comes it to be furnished?...To this I answer, in one word, from experience” (213). This is a great point because how else would we even have the idea itself if it weren’t from an experience to make us think of

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    Essay 3 Given what we know or can safely assume to be true of animal brains and behaviors, do animals actually exhibit thought and reason? The answer depends in large measure on one’s definition of thought and reason. Philosophers René Descartes and David Hume hold conflicting views about the nature and possession of thought and reason and, as a result, offer starkly different arguments for and against the existence of thought and reason in animals. While Descartes maintains in Part Five of Discourse on Method that only humans are capable of conscious thought, Hume asserts that human and animal behaviors are not so different in Section Nine of his An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.…

    • 1808 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Descartes prefers creating new concepts rather than building knowledge on old philosophies: “To reach certainty- to cast aside the loose earth and sand so as to come upon rock and clay”-He said. Descartes argues that, he needs to think and experience himself to confirm a scientific truth. To even establish a sturdier foundation and seek further knowledge, he looks for reasons to doubt his own opinion. If there is doubt about the basic principles of his opinions, he will doubt his other opinions.…

    • 354 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Descartes Meditations takes us on an intellectual, meditative, spiritual journey inward, questioning what exactly, if anything at all, we can know with certainty. Descartes was active in physics and mathematics, as he was interested in the potential of science to give us the truth about the world. Descartes believed that knowledge has secure foundations and and that all other knowledge rests upon these foundations. Hence, in order to establish what is “firm and constant in the sciences”, it is necessary to establish the very foundations of all knowledge so that he could use these principles to base the reasoning process upon. For Descartes, this meant removing all sensory prejudice.…

    • 1946 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    His initial premise, doubting reality, follows the process of thinking regarding the mind's perception of its environment. The body and mind are separate in Descartes' understanding. Though they work in tandem, human experience is dependent on the mind. The body is merely a vessel for the mind, and its senses cannot be trusted to determine reality. The mind, then, is what must be examined to determine the scope of reality.…

    • 1051 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The cause of the idea can be external, innate or invented. (10) Innate ideas are derived purely from one’s own nature while hearing a noise or feeling the warmth of a fire comes from things external idea and ideas like hippogriffs are ideas that are invented. (10) The idea of God cannot be external because that would mean that Descartes received the idea from his senses. Since the idea never came unexpectedly, which happens when he hears or sees things that derive from external ideas, this cancels out the idea of God is caused externally.…

    • 1098 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Beginning in the 1600s, European philosophers began thinking about how a nation should be governed. Many of these philosophers began moving towards a democracy, rather than the absolute monarchy they were under. Two of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers were John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Although John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau lived at different times during the Enlightenment period, Locke from 1632 to 1704 and Rousseau from 1712 to 1778, their thoughts on society and its political form are comparable. Both Locke and Rousseau believed that the people should form a government, however, their ideas of government differed.…

    • 1235 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Instead he argues that there is a possibility for them to be false. Therefore, they are questionable. Along with the senses possibility of being deceptive, our sensory perceptions can be deceptive in a way that we could all be in a never ending dream. Descartes concluded that there is no way to distinguish between sensory perceptions in and out of a dream, it is possible for use to be in a dream twenty for seven. Lastly, Descartes beings into doubt our belief of a priori knowledge because he suggests that it could be the case that God is an evil genius that deceives us.…

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What natural rights does the Declaration mention? Answer: Declaration has mentioned following three natural rights:  Liberty  Life  Pursuit of happiness…

    • 1264 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In his first meditation, Descartes decides to get rid of any false beliefs. All of his past beliefs were built on his senses, which have deceived him in the past. Despite this deception, Descartes expresses how there could be things learned through his senses that he cannot doubt, such as himself. He recalls how even his dreams have deceived him before, making him believe that he is sitting near a fire, when in reality he is asleep in bed.…

    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau present themselves as very distinct philosophers. They both use similar terms, such as, the State of Nature, but conceptualize them differently. In my paper, I will argue that Locke’s argument on his proposed state of nature and civil society is more realistic in our working society than Rousseau’s theory. At the core of their theories, Locke and Rousseau both agree that we all begin in a State of Nature in that everyone should be “equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection,” in which we are free with no government or laws to guide one’s behavior.…

    • 1297 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Descartes states that because of this we must break down everything we know and find a base to our knowledge, an unquestionable principal. He continues on to say that because of this we should not trust anything that has previously deceived us and consider what we hold to be true by this. Descartes says that there are many ways that our senses that provide impressions, as Hume would put it, will deceive us. For example, because man has the ability to dream while a sleep, how is that we know we are awake this very second. The same goes for our sight; from far away we may think there is water in the distance on a very hot day but as we get closer we realize that our visual sense have mislead us.…

    • 1195 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The first idea was that it must be present at the mind at birth, so we must be born with this idea instead of gaining it through experience. The third idea is that it cannot be excavated by experience as it results the knowledge as…

    • 765 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Philosophy 001 Project 3: Descartes 1) Cartesian dualism refers to the philosophical view proposed by the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes that describes and explains the relationship of the mind and body. According to this philosophical view, the Mind and the Body are two completely separate and different substances capable of interacting with one another. Descartes asserted that “[that is, [the] mind, by which I am what I am], is entirely and truly distinct from [the] body, and may exist without it.” (Descartes). Descartes described the mind as an immaterial substance whose “essence consists only in being a thinking thing [or a substance whose whole essence or nature is merely thinking]” (Descartes).…

    • 1742 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” John Locke fights tirelessly to disprove the existence of innate ideas, and instead rallies for the claim that ideas originate from experience. In one argument in particular, Locke elaborates on this by introducing the terms “sensation” and “reflection,” which he defines as two processes that supposedly act as the sources for each idea in the human mind. In a tone which exudes confidence, Locke boldly challenges his reader to locate one idea in their mind which cannot be traced back to either of these mechanisms; and, satisfied that no such feat could be accomplished, he concludes the argument. While it may seem logical and perhaps even perfectly legitimate upon first glance, there are in fact…

    • 1769 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    René Descartes first builds up his position in Meditations on First Philosophy by starting with pushing aside all that we know and learned as it was based on the empiricist thinking, that our beliefs are to be based on our sense experience, which is the perceived foundation of how everyone thinks. This way of thinking, according to Descartes, should be abandon as it is a defective way to do so when learning. Even thinking by numbers and figures are not a good foundation when gaining knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations, so he takes through his thoughts so that we come to same conclusion as him on why the methodological doubt should be used to better our understanding of the world. The beliefs we currently have are invalid since our senses…

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays