The Cold War—a continuation of the struggles of World War II—brought even more challenges regarding racism and anti-immigrant sentiments. Americans who lived through the Great Depression were afraid of the American economy retreating back to the same level, and wanted the world to remain democratic for free trade and prosperity. Thus one of their greatest concerns was to contain communism and repress the growth of the USSR and China due to their communist regimes. As argued by Ngai, it seems that by the mid-1950s the U.S.—the citizens and the government—considered China its number one enemy.2 China was not only embraced communism, it was now actively attempting to spread it across Asia. One evidence of this was the fact that the Chinese communist
