In the prior reading, Tough explicates that the college conundrum is the increase in college dropouts in America, even when the value of a bachelor degree has skyrocketed, and graduate rates in other countries have dramatically expounded. Throughout the chapter, Tough sought to determine the causes for this complication. From his findings, he was able to uncover the notion of the achievement gap, and its effect on the output for graduates. For instance, he presents this concept in the words of Jeff Nelson, by which he writes, “The average incoming score of our students is hovering around a fourteen, or the tenth percentile …. what I do believe is that ninety percent of the population is reaching a better education than our students have received”…