This is a loose catch-all term for group work. Collaborative learning can be student directed, teacher designed, or a combination of these methods. The idea behind collaborative learning is that students work together toward a common goal (Igel & Urquart, 2012).
Collaborative preteaching refers to a strategy in which students who require additional support, such as those diagnosed with a specific learning disability or SLD, are taught aspects of the lesson including key terms or concepts in advance of the other students, usually in a small group setting by a special education teacher (Thornton et. al, 2015).
Cooperative learning is highly structured group work. For the purpose of this paper, cooperative learning will refer to specifically structured groups that are intentionally created by a classroom teacher with regard to student ability and interest (Igel & Urquart, 2012).
Social loafing is defined as members of a group working less diligently than they typically would if working alone because they expect others to take up the slack. This is perceived as the most common drawback to working in groups whether in schoolos or in the workplace (Sears & Pai,