•In 51 BCE, Cleopatra’s father, Ptolemy XII died, leaving 18 year-old Cleopatra to rule. Her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, was 10 at the time.
•The first three years of her ruling was complete chaos, due to economic difficulties, deficient floods of the Nile, and political conflicts, so her brother ordered her to flee from Egypt, knowing that she had no intention of sharing the throne with him.
•She later returned to Egypt with Julius Caesar and gathered enough military power to retaliate against her brother, Ptolemy XIII.
•Cleopatra was the last ruler of the Macedonian dynasty.
•Cleopatra was born in 69 BCE
•In 51 BCE, Cleopatra’s father, Ptolemy XII died, leaving 18 year-old Cleopatra to rule. Her younger